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Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect gravitational waves (GWs) via the correlations they create in the arrival times of pulses from different pulsars. The mean correlation, a function of the angle between the directions to two pulsars, was…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-01-24 Bruce Allen , Joseph D. Romano

Gravitational waves (GWs) induce correlated perturbations to the arrival times of pulses from an array of galactic millisecond pulsars. The expected correlations, obtained by averaging over many pairs of pulsars having the same angular…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-09-27 Deepali Agarwal , Joseph D. Romano

Searches for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using pulsar timing arrays look for correlations in the timing residuals induced by the background across the pulsars in the array. The correlation signature of an isotropic,…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2015-03-30 Fredrick A. Jenet , Joseph D. Romano

Gravitational waves (GWs) create correlations in the arrival times of pulses from different pulsars. The expected correlation $\mu(\gamma)$ as a function of the angle $\gamma$ between the directions to two pulsars was calculated by Hellings…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2023-02-27 Bruce Allen

Gravitational waves (GWs) influence the arrival times of radio signals coming from pulsars. Here, we investigate the harmonic space approach to describing a pulsar's response to GWs. We derive and discuss the "diagonalized form" of the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-09-06 Bruce Allen

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect gravitational waves (GWs) via the correlations they induce in the arrival times of pulses from different pulsars. We assume that the GWs are described by a Gaussian ensemble. The mean correlation $h^2…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2023-08-25 Bruce Allen , Joseph D. Romano

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect gravitational waves (GWs) via the correlations they create in the arrival times of pulses from different pulsars. The mean correlation, a function of the angle $\gamma$ between the directions to two…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-12-20 Bruce Allen , Joseph D. Romano

The Hellings-Downs (HD) correlation serves as the fundamental benchmark for detecting the gravitational-wave background (GWB) in pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) within General Relativity (GR). However, this canonical signature relies on the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-02-17 Yan-Chen Bi , Yu-Mei Wu , Qing-Guo Huang

Recent Pulsar Timing Array datasets provide compelling evidence for a nano-Hertz gravitational-wave background, but robust detection requires characterizing statistical fluctuations of the Hellings-Downs (HD) correlation expected from a…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Ryosuke Fujimoto , Keitaro Takahashi

The Hellings and Downs correlation curve describes the correlation of the timing residuals from pairs of pulsars as a function of their angular separation on the sky and is a smoking-gun signature for the detection of an isotropic…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-01-22 Alex Kehagias , Antonio Riotto

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) provide a way to detect gravitational waves (GWs) at nanohertz frequencies. To ensure the detection of GWs, observational data must exhibit the Hellings-Downs angular correlation. It is also known that PTAs can…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2023-07-25 Hidetoshi Omiya , Kimihiro Nomura , Jiro Soda

The Hellings-Downs (HD) correlation, which characterizes the signature of a stochastic gravitational wave background measured via Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA), is derived using a harmonic formalism. This approach closely follows the framework…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-04-25 Cyril Pitrou , Giulia Cusin

Pulsar timing array experiments have recently found evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background, which induces correlations among pulsar timing residuals described by the Hellings and Downs (HD) curve. Standard calculations…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-05-23 Nastassia Grimm , Martin Pijnenburg , Giulia Cusin , Camille Bonvin

Arrays of precisely-timed millisecond pulsars are used to search for gravitational waves with periods of months to decades. Gravitational waves affect the path of radio pulses propagating from a pulsar to Earth, causing the arrival times of…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-11-13 Stephen R. Taylor

The pulsar timings are sensitive to both the nanohertz gravitational-wave background and the oscillation of ultralight dark matter. The Hellings-Downs angular correlation curve provides a criterion to search for stochastic…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-01-14 Rong-Gen Cai , Jing-Rui Zhang , Yun-Long Zhang

The recent astronomical milestone by the pulsar timing arrays (PTA) has revealed galactic-size gravitational waves (GW) in the form of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), correlating the radio pulses emitted by millisecond…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-11-08 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

We explore the potential of Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) such as NANOGrav, EPTA, and PPTA to detect the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) in theories of massive gravity. In General Relativity, the function describing the…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2021-10-27 Qiuyue Liang , Mark Trodden

Recently we found compelling evidence for a gravitational wave background with Hellings and Downs (HD) correlations in our 15-year data set. These correlations describe gravitational waves as predicted by general relativity, which has two…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2023-10-19 Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Jeremy Baier , Paul T. Baker , Bence Bécsy , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Rand Burnette , Robin Case , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Neil J. Cornish , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. DeCesar , Dallas DeGan , Paul B. Demorest , Timothy Dolch , Brendan Drachler , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gültekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Ross J. Jennings , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Priyamvada Natarajan , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph D. Romano , Alexander Saffer , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Ann Schmiedekamp , Carl Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Jerry P. Sun , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Jacob A. Taylor , Stephen R. Taylor , E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Caitlin A. Witt , Olivia Young

Several pulsar-timing array (PTA) collaborations are finding tantalising hints for a stochastic gravitational wave background signal in the nano-Hertz regime. So far, though, no convincing evidence for the expected Hellings-Downs…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2022-04-20 Gianmassimo Tasinato

While pulsar timing array experiments have recently found evidence for the existence of a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background, its origin is still unclear. If this background is of astrophysical origin, we expect the distribution…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-03-10 Nastassia Grimm , Martin Pijnenburg , Giulia Cusin , Camille Bonvin
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