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When constructing a model to estimate the causal effect of a treatment, it is necessary to control for other factors which may have confounding effects. Because the ignorability assumption is not testable, however, it is usually unclear…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-09-07 Spencer Woody , Carlos M. Carvalho , Jared S. Murray

Immune checkpoint inhibitor--based therapies often produce heterogeneous survival responses, including early risk, delayed treatment benefit, and durable long-term survival in a subset of patients. In these settings, conventional summary…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-04-28 Yi-Cheng Tai , Weijing Wang , Jedd D. Wolchok , Martin T. Wells

Clinical trials often evaluate multiple outcome variables to form a comprehensive picture of the effects of a new treatment. The resulting multidimensional insight contributes to clinically relevant and efficient decision-making about…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-08-14 X. M. Kavelaars , J. Mulder , M. C. Kaptein

The recently published ICH E9 addendum on estimands in clinical trials provides a framework for precisely defining the treatment effect that is to be estimated, but says little about estimation methods. Here we report analyses of a clinical…

应用统计 · 统计学 2023-09-25 Camila Olarte Parra , Rhian M. Daniel , David Wright , Jonathan W. Bartlett

The primary analysis in two-arm clinical trials usually involves inference on a scalar treatment effect parameter; e.g., depending on the outcome, the difference of treatment-specific means, risk difference, risk ratio, or odds ratio. Most…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-04-25 Anastasios A. Tsiatis , Marie Davidian

Complex data features, such as unmodelled censored event times and variables with time-dependent effects, are common in cancer recurrence studies and pose challenges for Bayesian survival modelling. Current methodologies for predictive…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-01-12 Saku Suorsa , Aki Vehtari

Time to an event of interest over a lifetime is a central measure of the clinical benefit of an intervention used in a health technology assessment (HTA). Within the same trial, multiple end-points may also be considered. For example,…

应用统计 · 统计学 2026-01-13 Nathan Green , Murat Kurt , Andriy Moshyk , James Larkin , Gianluca Baio

Phase I dose-escalation trials must be guided by a safety model in order to avoid exposing patients to unacceptably high risk of toxicities. Traditionally, these trials are based on one type of schedule. In more recent practice, however,…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-08-18 Burak Kürsad Günhan , Sebastian Weber , Tim Friede

In oncology, phase II studies are crucial for clinical development plans as such studies identify potent agents with sufficient activity to continue development in the subsequent phase III trials. Traditionally, phase II studies are…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-08-08 Takuya Yoshimoto , Satoru Shinoda , Kouji Yamamoto , Kouji Tahata

We consider the model of interaction between the immune system and tumor cells including a memory function that reflect the influence of the past states, to simulate the time needed by the latter to develop a chemical and cell mediated…

动力系统 · 数学 2007-05-23 G. Mircea , M. Neamtu , R. F. Horhat , D. Opris

It is crucial to design Phase II cancer clinical trials that balance the efficiency of treatment selection with clinical practicality. Sargent and Goldberg proposed a frequentist design that allow decision-making even when the primary…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-05-15 Moka Komaki , Satoru Shinoda , Haiyan Zheng , Kouji Yamamoto

The call for patient-focused drug development is loud and clear, as expressed in the 21st Century Cures Act and in recent guidelines and initiatives of regulatory agencies. Among the factors contributing to modernized drug development and…

We propose a novel Bayesian model selection technique on linear mixed-effects models to compare multiple treatments with a control. A fully Bayesian approach is implemented to estimate the marginal inclusion probabilities that provide a…

应用统计 · 统计学 2015-09-28 Lei Gong , James M. Flegal , Stephen R. Spindler , Patricia L. Mote

Bayesian inference is a powerful paradigm for quantum state tomography, treating uncertainty in meaningful and informative ways. Yet the numerical challenges associated with sampling from complex probability distributions hampers Bayesian…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-05-04 Joseph M. Lukens , Kody J. H. Law , Ajay Jasra , Pavel Lougovski

Despite recent advances in the field of Oncoimmunology, the success potential of immunomodulatory therapies against cancer remains to be elucidated. One of the reasons is the lack of understanding on the complex interplay between tumor…

组织与器官 · 定量生物学 2015-07-24 A. I. Reppas , J. C. L. Alfonso , H. Hatzikirou

Given the prominence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment, it becomes imperative to consider heterogeneity in patients' responses to treatments, which contributes greatly to the widely used proportional hazard…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-09-01 Powei Chen , Siying Hu , Haojin Zhou

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and incremental net benefit (INB) are widely used for cost-effectiveness analysis. We develop methods for estimation and inference for the ICER and INB which use the semiparametric stratified…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-05-12 Polyna Khudyakov , Li Xu , Ce Yang , Donna Spiegelman , Molin Wang

Background. Non-inferiority (NI) trials are increasingly used to evaluate new treatments expected to have secondary advantages over standard of care, but similar efficacy on the primary outcome. When designing a NI trial with a binary…

Therapeutic advancements in oncology have shifted towards targeted therapy based on genomic aberrations. This necessitates innovative statistical approaches in clinical trials, particularly in master protocol studies. Basket trials, a type…

应用统计 · 统计学 2025-02-12 Antonios Daletzakis , Rutger van den Bor , Vincent van der Noort , Kit CB Roes

Loss of power and clear description of treatment differences are key issues in designing and analyzing a clinical trial where non-proportional hazard is a possibility. A log-rank test may be very inefficient and interpretation of the hazard…

应用统计 · 统计学 2021-01-13 Satrajit Roychoudhury , Keaven M Anderson , Jiabu Ye , Pralay Mukhopadhyay