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A novel two-leaflet description of lipid membranes is proposed. Within its framework, phase separation phenomena in multicomponent biological membranes are analyzed. As we show, interactions between the leaflets tend to suppress macroscopic…
Reaction-diffusion systems where transition rates exhibit quenched disorder are common in physical and chemical systems. We study pair reactions on a periodic two-dimensional lattice, including continuous deposition and spontaneous…
Membraneless droplets or liquid condensates formed via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) play a pivotal role in cell biology and hold potential for biomedical engineering. While membraneless droplets are often studied in the context of…
Living systems must maintain robust biochemical function despite fluctuations that span a wide range of timescales. Biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) have been shown to buffer concentration…
Disentangling the mechanistic details of a chemical reaction pathway is a hard problem that often requires a considerable amount of chemical intuition and a component of luck. Experiments struggle in observing short-life metastable…
We study analytically kinetics of an elementary bimolecular reaction scheme of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type taking place on a d-dimensional catalytic substrate. We propose a general approach which takes into account explicitly the…
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is currently of great interest in cell biology. LLPS is an example of what is called an emergent phenomenon -- an idea that comes from condensed-matter physics. Emergent phenomena have the…
Every mathematical model describing physical phenomena is an approximation to model reality, hence has its limitations. Depending on characteristic values of the variables in the model, different aspects of the model and, e.g.,…
In a companion paper, we put forth a thermodynamic model for complex formation via a chemical reaction involving multiple macromolecular species, which may subsequently undergo liquid-liquid phase separation and a further transition into a…
The quantitative description of marine systems is constrained by a major issue of scale separation: most marine biochemical processes occur at sub-centimeter scales, while the contribution to the Earth's biogeochemical cycles is expressed…
We demonstrate that the Michaelis-Menten reaction mechanism can be accurately approximated by a linear system when the initial substrate concentration is low. This leads to pseudo-first-order kinetics, simplifying mathematical calculations…
The role of dimensionality (Euclidean versus fractal), spatial extent, boundary effects and system topology on the efficiency of diffusion-reaction processes involving two simultaneously-diffusing reactants is analyzed. We present…
Proteins can form droplets via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells. Recent experiments demonstrate that LLPS is qualitatively different on two-dimensional (2d) surfaces compared to three-dimensional (3d) solutions. In this paper,…
Many intercalation compounds possess layered structures or inter-penetrating lattices that enable phase separation into three or more stable phases, or "stages," driven by competing intra-layer and inter-layer forces. While these structures…
We use a standard bead-spring model and molecular dynamics simulations to study the static properties of symmetric linear multiblock copolymer chains and their blocks under poor solvent conditions in a dilute solution from the regime close…
The cellular cytoplasm is organized into compartments. Phase separation is a simple manner to create membrane-less compartments in order to confine and localize particles like proteins. In many cases these particles are bound to fluctuating…
In this paper we apply a finite difference lattice Boltzmann model to study the phase separation in a two-dimensional liquid-vapor system. Spurious numerical effects in macroscopic equations are discussed and an appropriate numerical scheme…
Surfaces serve as highly efficient catalysts for a vast variety of chemical reactions. Typically, such surface reactions involve billions of molecules which diffuse and react over macroscopic areas. Therefore, stochastic fluctuations are…
The need to use a short time step is a key limit on the speed of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Simulations governed by classical potentials are often accelerated by using a multiple-time-step (MTS) integrator that evaluates certain…
Motivated by the recent experimental observations on clustering of motor proteins on microtubule filament, we study an open system of two parallel totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes under asymmetric coupling conditions, which…