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To be useful, quantum computers will be required to successfully correct errors occurring at the hardware level. Bosonic codes provide a hardware-efficient option for error correction, but fault-tolerance further requires that the available…

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) error correcting code encodes a finite dimensional logical space in one or more bosonic modes, and has recently been demonstrated in trapped ions and superconducting microwave cavities. In this work we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-05 Mackenzie H. Shaw , Andrew C. Doherty , Arne L. Grimsmo

Quantum error correction is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes are particularly effective at correcting continuous noise, such as Gaussian noise and loss, and can significantly…

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding of a qubit into a bosonic mode is a promising bosonic code for quantum computation due to its tolerance for noise and all-Gaussian gate set. We present a toolkit for phase-space description and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-08-26 Lucas J. Mensen , Ben Q. Baragiola , Nicolas C. Menicucci

Concatenating bosonic error-correcting codes with qubit codes can substantially boost the error-correcting power of the original qubit codes. It is not clear how to concatenate optimally, given there are several bosonic codes and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-06-21 Yijia Xu , Yixu Wang , En-Jui Kuo , Victor V. Albert

Straightforward logical operations contrasting with complex state preparation are the hallmarks of the bosonic encoding proposed by Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill (GKP). The recently reported generation and error-correction of GKP qubits in…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-09-20 Christian Siegele , Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq

Bosonic quantum error correction encodes a logical qubit in an oscillator, avoiding the hardware overhead of large qubit arrays. Among such encodings, Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are paticularly powerful because their phase-space…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-01 Zi-Xu Lu , Gang Liu , Matteo Fadel , Jie Li

To implement fault-tolerant quantum computation with continuous variables, the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit has been recognized as an important technological element. However,it is still challenging to experimentally generate the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-05-29 Kosuke Fukui , Akihisa Tomita , Atsushi Okamoto , Keisuke Fujii

Bosonic quantum error-correcting codes encode logical information in a harmonic oscillator, with the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) and number-phase (NP) codes representing two fundamentally different encoding paradigms. Although both have…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-02 Kai-Xuan Wen , Dong-Long Hu , Shengyong Li , Ze-Liang Xiang

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code is a promising bosonic candidate for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Among existing error-correction protocols for GKP code, the Steane-type scheme is a canonical and widely adopted…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-10 Xiang-Jiang Chen , Hao-Miao Jiang , Liu-Jun Wang , Qing Chen

The GKP encoding is a top contender among bosonic codes for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Analysis of the GKP code is complicated by the fact that finite-energy code states leak out of the ideal GKP code space and are not orthogonal.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-01 Mahnaz Jafarzadeh , Jonathan Conrad , Rafael N. Alexander , Ben Q. Baragiola

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code encodes a logical qubit into a bosonic system with resilience against single-photon loss, the predominant error in most bosonic systems. Here we present experimental results demonstrating quantum…

Bosonic encoding of quantum information into harmonic oscillators is a hardware efficient approach to battle noise. In this regard, oscillator-to-oscillator codes not only provide an additional opportunity in bosonic encoding, but also…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-11-27 Jing Wu , Anthony J. Brady , Quntao Zhuang

Encoding a qubit in the continuous degrees of freedom of an oscillator is a promising path to error-corrected quantum computation. One advantageous way to achieve this is through Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) grid states, whose symmetries…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-03-18 Ilan Tzitrin , J. Eli Bourassa , Nicolas C. Menicucci , Krishna Kumar Sabapathy

We examine the performance of the single-mode GKP code and its concatenation with the toric code for a noise model of Gaussian shifts, or displacement errors. We show how one can optimize the tracking of errors in repeated noisy error…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-04-02 Christophe Vuillot , Hamed Asasi , Yang Wang , Leonid P. Pryadko , Barbara M. Terhal

The early Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill (GKP) proposal for encoding a qubit in an oscillator has recently been followed by cat- and binomial-code proposals. Numerically optimized codes have also been proposed, and we introduce new codes…

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient in the development of quantum technologies. Its subject is to investigate ways to embed quantum Hilbert spaces into a physical system such that this subspace is robust against small…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-04 Jonathan Conrad

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) error correcting code uses a bosonic mode to encode a logical qubit, and has the attractive property that its logical Clifford gates can be implemented using Gaussian unitary gates. In contrast, a direct…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-11-26 Minh T. P. Nguyen , Mackenzie H. Shaw

Bosonic quantum error correction codes encode logical qubits in the Hilbert space of one or multiple harmonic oscillators. A prominent class of bosonic codes is that of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes of which implementations have…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-28 Leon H. Bohnmann , David F. Locher , Johannes Zeiher , Markus Müller

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) quantum error correcting code attracts much attention in continuous variable (CV) quantum computation and CV quantum communication due to the simplicity of error correcting routines and the high tolerance…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-09-23 Takaya Matsuura , Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi