相关论文: A Practical Guide to the Partition Function of Ato…
We discuss how the thermalization of an elementary quantum system is modified when the system is placed in an environment out of thermal equilibrium. To this aim we provide a detailed investigation of the dynamics of an atomic system placed…
From sand piles to electrons in metals, one of the greatest challenges in modern physics is to understand the behavior of an ensemble of strongly interacting particles. A class of quantum many-body systems such as neutron matter and cold…
A truly isolated atom always has an integer number of electrons. If placed in contact with a far-away metallic reservoir, a {\em range} of metallic chemical potentials $\mu$ will lead to an identical number of electrons, $N$, on the atom.…
In this paper, we show two kinds of entangled many body systems with special statistic properties. Firstly, an entangled fermions system with a pairwise entanglement between every two particles in the lowest energy energy level obeys the…
We study the abundance of a particle species in a thermalized plasma by introducing a quantum kinetic description based on the non-equilibrium effective action. A stochastic interpretation of quantum kinetics in terms of a Langevin equation…
A quantum theory on conformation-electron system is presented. Protein folding is regarded as the quantum transition between torsion states on polypeptide chain, and the folding rate is calculated by nonadiabatic operator method. The theory…
The two-dimensional one-component plasma ---2dOCP--- is a system composed by $n$ mobile particles with charge $q$ over a neutralizing background in a two-dimensional surface. The Boltzmann factor of this system, at temperature $T$, takes…
A class of generally nonlinear dynamical systems is considered, for which the Lagrangian is represented as a sum of homogeneous functions of the displacements and their derivatives. It is shown that an energy partition as a single relation…
We study two small quantum systems coupled to the same reservoir which is in thermal equilibrium. By studying the particle density and the energy density in the two systems before and after they contact each other, we find that the two…
We derive the semiclassical series for the partition function of a one-dimensional quantum-mechanical system consisting of a particle in a single-well potential. We do this by applying the method of steepest descent to the path-integral…
The classical and quantum representations of thermal equilibrium are strikingly different, even for free, non-interacting particles. While the first involves particles with well-defined positions and momenta, the second usually involves…
We extend the circle theorem on the zeros of the partition function to a continuum system. We also calculate the exact zeros of the partition function for a finite system where the probability distribution for the order parameter is given…
Plasma is a medium filled with free electrons and positive ions. Each particle acts as a conducting fluid with a single velocity and temperature when electromagnetic fields are present. This distinction between the roles played by electrons…
Although partition functions of finite-size systems are always analytic, and hence have no poles, they can be expressed in many cases as series containing terms with poles. Here we show that such poles can be related to linear branches of…
Ionic crystals, such as solid electrolytes and complex oxides, are central to modern technologies for energy storage, sensing, actuation, and other functional applications. An important fundamental issue in the atomic and quantum-scale…
It has long been observed that the number of weak lines from many-electron atoms follows a power law distribution of intensity. While computer simulations have reproduced this dependence, its origin has not yet been clarified. Here we…
The exact nonequilibrium time evolution of the momentum distribution for a finite many particle system in one dimension with a linear energy dispersion coupled to optical phonons is presented. For distinguishable particles the influence…
The evaluation of the specific heat of an open, damped quantum system is a subtle issue. One possible route is based on the thermodynamic partition function which is the ratio of the partition functions of system plus bath and of the bath…
We study the thermal partition function of level $k$ U(N) Chern-Simons theories on $S^2$ interacting with matter in the fundamental representation. We work in the 't Hooft limit, $N,k\to\infty$, with $\lambda = N/k$ and $\frac{T^2…
The statistical mechanics of particles that populate indistinguishable energy sub-states is explored. In particular, the mathematical treatment of the microstates differs from conventional statistical mechanics where for a given degeneracy,…