相关论文: Influence of entropy changes on reactor period

The extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters requires the determination of the neutrino energy from observations of the hadronic final state. The use of nuclear targets then requires the use of event generators to isolate the…

The time-dependence of the quantum entropy for a two-level atom interacting with a single-cavity mode is computed using the Jaynes-Cummings model, when the initial state of the radiation field is prepared in a thermal state with temperature…

Clocks in different heights or with different velocities run with different speeds. For global positioning systems these effects are much too large to be ignored. Nevertheless, in classical and quantum mechanics we get high accuracy using a…

We present a unifying framework to the understanding of when and how quantum mechanical systems become independent of their initial conditions and adapt macroscopic properties (like temperature) of the environment.By viewing this problem…

Methods are presented to evaluate the entropy production rate in stochastic reactive systems. These methods are shown to be consistent with known results from nonequilibrium chemical thermodynamics. Moreover, it is proved that the time…

The rate of entropy production provides a useful quantitative measure of a non-equilibrium system and estimating it directly from time-series data from experiments is highly desirable. Several approaches have been considered for stationary…

We investigate the effects of application of random time-shifts to the readouts of a reservoir computer in terms of both accuracy (training error) and performance (testing error.) For different choices of the reservoir parameters and…

The universe is certainly not yet in total thermodynamical equilibrium,so clearly some law telling about special initial conditions is needed. A universe or a system imposed to behave periodically gets thereby required ``initial…

Quantum phase transitions occur at zero temperature when some non-thermal control-parameter like pressure or chemical composition is changed. They are driven by quantum rather than thermal fluctuations. In this review we first give a…

Using the time-dependent theory of quantum mechanics, we investigate nuclear electric dipole responses. The time evolution of a wave function is explicitly calculated in the coordinate-space representation. The particle continuum is treated…

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations yield a lower bound on entropy production in terms of the mean and fluctuations of a current. We derive their general form for systems under arbitrary time-dependent driving from arbitrary initial states…

The linear response to temperature changes is derived for systems with overdamped stochastic dynamics. Holding both in transient and steady state conditions, the results allow to compute nonequilibrium thermal susceptibilities from…

A model is developed which allows the investigation and classification of the pairing phase transition in atomic nuclei. The regions of the parameter space are discussed for which a pairing phase transition can be observed. The model…

Fluctuations in parameters that are typically treated as fixed play a crucial role in the behavior of complex systems. However, to date, we lack a general non-equilibrium thermodynamic treatment of such a complex system. In this Letter, to…

A Quantum Phase Transition (QPT) in a simple model that describes the coexistence of atoms and diatomic molecules is studied. The model, that is briefly discussed, presents a second order ground state phase transition in the thermodynamic…

We prove an uncertainty relation for energy and arrival time, where the arrival of a particle at a detector is modeled by an absorbing term added to the Hamiltonian. In this well-known scheme the probability for the particle's arrival at…

We examine the nuclear transparency for the quasi-elastic ($e, e'p$) process at large momentum transfers in a relativistic quantum-mechanical model for the internal structure of the proton, using a relativistic harmonic oscillator model. A…

The length-scale dependence of the dynamic entropy is studied in a molecular dynamics simulation of a binary Lennard-Jones liquid above the mode-coupling critical temperature $T_c$. A number of methods exist for estimating the entropy of…

We study the dependence of primordial nuclear abundances on fundamental nuclear observables such as binding energies, scattering lengths, neutron lifetime, \textit{etc.} by varying these quantities. The numerical computations were performed…

We give meaning to the first and second laws of thermodynamics in case of mesoscopic out-of-equilibrium systems which are driven by diffusion processes. The notion of the entropy production is analyzed. The role of the Helmholtz extremum…