相关论文: Influence of entropy changes on reactor period

A schematic model of over-damped motion is presented which permits one to calculate the mean first passage time for nuclear fission. Its asymptotic value may exceed considerably the lifetime suggested by Kramers rate formula, which applies…

All clocks, classical or quantum, are open non equilibrium irreversible systems subject to the constraints of thermodynamics. Using examples I show that these constraints necessarily limit the performance of clocks and that good clocks…

We discuss consequences of finite plasma formation time at RHIC. Nuclear modification factor, azimuthal assymetry, di-jet correlations can quantitatively be described by particle production in the early stage of the nuclear collision. A…

This paper presents alternative ideas on the physics of time that lead to a new interpretation of cosmological redshifts. These ideas are based on the close relationship between the speed of time and entropy processes in our universe. I…

We compare the proposals that have appeared in the literature to describe a measurement of the time of arrival of a quantum particle at a detector. We show that there are multiple regimes where different proposals give inequivalent,…

A unique and often overlooked property of a source loaded with relativistic protons is that it can become supercritical, i.e. it can undergo an abrupt transition from a radiatively inefficient to a radiatively efficient state once its…

In this article we theoretically study the phase shift a single atom imprints onto a coherent state light beam in free space. The calculations are performed in a semiclassical framework. The key parameters governing the interaction and thus…

Some physical processes, including the intensity fluctuations of a chaotic laser, the detection of single photons, and the Brownian motion of a microscopic particle in a fluid are unpredictable, at least on long timescales. This…

We propose a model that describes cyclic state transitions of a micromachine driven by a catalytic chemical reaction. We consider a mechano-chemical coupling of variables representing the degree of a chemical reaction and the internal state…

A brief review of the Hadron Gas model with reference to high energy heavy ion collisions is presented. The entropy dependence on temperature and baryonic chemical potential is numerically calculated, together with the entropy distribution…

The work concerns the spectral, entropy and bifurcation analysis of the dynamics of a reverse-flow system. The existence of chaotic oscillations was demonstrated in a wide range of changes in the parameters of the model. The model of such a…

The average current of an overdamped Brownian particle moving along the axis of a three-dimensional periodic tube is investigated in the presence of a symmetric potential and a temporally symmetric unbiased external force. Reduction of the…

Taking seriously the interpretation of black hole entropy as the logarithm of the number of microstates, we argue that thermal gravitons may undergo a phase transition to a kind of black hole condensate. The phase transition proceeds via…

Often a number of precipitation processes in steels and alloys occur simultaneously (they have the same origin in time) albeit at different rates. Consequently, isothermic transformations are accompanied, in this case, by the occurrence of…

A system of particles is studied in which the stochastic processes are one-particle type-change (or one-particle diffusion) and multi-particle annihilation. It is shown that, if the annihilation rate tends to zero but the initial values of…

We derive a quantum master equation for an atom coupled to a heat bath represented by a charged particle many-body environment. In Born-Markov approximation, the influence of the plasma environment on the reduced system is described by the…

Irreversibility is a fundamental concept with important implications at many levels. It pinpoints the fundamental difference between the intrinsically reversible microscopic equations of motion and the unidirectional arrow of time that…

We analyze the entropy production and the maximal extractable work from a squeezed thermal reservoir. The nonequilibrium quantum nature of the reservoir induces an entropy transfer with a coherent contribution while modifying its thermal…

We present an exact relationship between the entropy production and the distinguishability of a process from its time-reverse, quantified by the relative entropy between forward and backward states. The relationship is shown to remain valid…

The microscopic role of nuclear magnetism in rotating frame is investigated for the first time in the framework of the cranked relativistic mean field theory. It is shown that nuclear magnetism modifies the expectation values of…