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Chemical reactions involve the movement of charges, and this work presents a mathematical model for describing chemical reactions in electrolytes. The model is developed using an energy variational method that aligns with classical…

In acceptor doped ferroelectrics and in ferroelectric films and nanocomposites, defect dipoles, strain gradients, and the electric boundary conditions at interfaces and surfaces often impose internal bias fields. In this work we delicately…

The Electric Dipole Moment of the electron (eEDM) is typically investigated in experiments using paramagnetic molecules. However, the physical observable in these searches consists in a linear combination of CP-violating interactions,…

We present a theory for rigorous quantum scattering calculations of probabilities for chemical reactions of atoms with diatomic molecules in the presence of an external electric field. The approach is based on the fully uncoupled basis set…

Effective field theories (EFT) parameterize the long-distance effects of short-distance dynamics whose details may or may not be known. It is known that EFT coefficients must obey certain positivity constraints if causality and unitarity…

The conversion of natural gas (methane) to ethane and ethylene (OCM: oxidative coupling of methane) facilitates its transportation and provides a way to synthesize higher value chemicals. The search for high-performance catalysts to achieve…

Some non linear, second order QED processes in the presence of intense plane electromagnetic waves are investigated. Analytic expressions with general kinematics are derived for Compton scattering and $e^+e^-$ pair production in a…

We investigate electron heating by magnetic-field-aligned electric fields ($E_\parallel$) during anti-parallel magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail. Using a statistical sample of 140 reconnection outflows, we infer the…

A study by infrared spectroscopy of the physisorbed region of catalysis demonstrated that the intermediates of catalysis exist on the surface as a two dimensional gas. Data in the Atomic Energy Level tables show that of the thousands of…

We have recently analyzed theoretically the main characteristics of the edge depolarizing electric field (EDEF), in the vicinity of a non-polar face of a pyroelectric. In this work we measured and characterized the EDEF, excited by a…

In this Letter we investigate factors that influence the effective critical electric field for runaway-electron generation in plasmas. We present numerical solutions of the kinetic equation and discuss the implications for the threshold…

Electrochemical kinetics at electrode-electrolyte interfaces are crucial to understand high-rate behavior of energy storage devices. Phase transformation of electrodes is typically treated under equilibrium thermodynamic conditions, while…

A comprehensive understanding of the electrode-electrolyte interface in energy conversion systems remains challenging due to the complex and multifaceted nature of interfacial processes. This complexity hinders the development of more…

Optimisation of heat engines at the micro-scale has applications in biological and artificial nano-technology, and stimulates theoretical research in non-equilibrium statistical physics. Here we consider non-interacting overdamped particles…

The quantum diffraction and symmetry effects on the entanglement fidelity (EF) of different elastic electron-electron, ion-ion and electron-ion interactions are investigated in non-ideal dense plasma. The partial wave analysis and an…

Although classical and quantum heat engines work on entirely different fundamental principles, there is an underlying similarity. For instance, the form of efficiency at optimal performance may be similar for both types of engines. In this…

The application of an external, oriented electric field has emerged as an attractive technique for manipulating chemical reactions. Because most applications occur in solution, a theory of electric field catalysis requires treatment of the…

The secondary electron emission process is essential for the optimal operation of a wide range of applications, including fusion reactors, high-energy accelerators, or spacecraft. The process can be influenced and controlled by the use of a…

In a cylindrical container filled with an eutectic GaInSn alloy, an electro-vortex flow (EVF) is generated by the interaction of a non-uniform current with its own magnetic field. In this paper, we investigate the EVF phenomenon numerically…

If one-electron observables of a many-electron system are of interest, a many-electron dynamics can be represented exactly by a one-electron dynamics with effective potentials. The formalism for this reduction is provided by the Exact…