相关论文: Improved inference for vaccine-induced immune resp…
T-cell receptors can recognize foreign peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I proteins, and thus trigger the adaptive immune response. Therefore, identifying peptides that can bind to MHC class-I molecules plays a…
The test-negative design (TND) has become a standard approach to evaluate vaccine effectiveness against the risk of acquiring infectious diseases in real-world settings, such as Influenza, Rotavirus, Dengue fever, and more recently…
A key objective in two phase 2b AMP clinical trials of VRC01 is to evaluate whether drug concentration over time, as estimated by non-linear mixed effects pharmacokinetics (PK) models, is associated with HIV infection rate. We conducted a…
A central challenge in every field of biology is to use existing measurements to predict the outcomes of future experiments. In this work, we consider the wealth of antibody inhibition data against variants of the influenza virus. Due to…
Knowing the true effect size of clinical interventions in randomised clinical trials is key to informing the public health policies. Vaccine efficacy is defined in terms of the relative risk or the ratio of two disease risks. However, only…
Combating the SARS-CoV2 pandemic will require the fast development of effective preventive vaccines. Regulatory agencies may open accelerated approval pathways for vaccines if an immunological marker can be established as a mediator of a…
The test-negative design has become popular for evaluating the effectiveness of post-licensure vaccines using observational data. In addition to its logistical convenience on data collection, the design is also believed to control for the…
This study conducts a comparative analysis of stochastic and deterministic models to better understand the dynamics of the HIV epidemic across genders. By incorporating gender-specific transmission probabilities and treatment uptake rates,…
Industrial and scientific applications handle large volumes of data that render manual validation by humans infeasible. Therefore, we require automated data validation approaches that are able to consider the prior knowledge of domain…
We develop, discuss, and compare several inference techniques to constrain theory parameters in collider experiments. By harnessing the latent-space structure of particle physics processes, we extract extra information from the simulator.…
Progress in immunotherapy revolutionized the treatment landscape for advanced lung cancer, raising survival expectations beyond those that were historically anticipated with this disease. In the present study, we describe the methods for…
We propose a restricted win probability estimand for comparing treatments in a randomized trial with a time-to-event outcome. We also propose Bayesian estimators for this summary measure as well as the unrestricted win probability. Bayesian…
We introduce a new measure of antigenic distance between influenza A vaccine and circulating strains. The measure correlates well with efficacies of the H3N2 influenza A component of the annual vaccine between 1971 and 2004, as do results…
Following transmission, HIV-1 evolves into a diverse population, and next generation sequencing enables us to detect variants occurring at low frequencies. Studying viral evolution at the level of whole genomes was hitherto not possible…
Immune correlates of protection (CoPs) are immunologic biomarkers accepted as a surrogate for an infectious disease clinical endpoint and thus can be used for traditional or provisional vaccine approval. To study CoPs in randomized,…
Virtual staining of histopathology images (e.g., H&E-IHC) is an emerging tool in digital pathology, enabling faster and cheaper workflows by synthesizing target stains from routinely acquired slides. Yet, the quality of virtual staining…
Vaccine randomized trials are typically designed to be blinded, ensuring that the estimated vaccine efficacy (VE) reflects the immunological effect of the vaccine. When blinding is broken, however, the estimated VE reflects not only the…
The vertebrate adaptive immune system provides a flexible and diverse set of molecules to neutralize pathogens. Yet, viruses such as HIV can cause chronic infections by evolving as quickly as the adaptive immune system, forming an…
Determining whether vaccine efficacy wanes is important for individual and public decision making. Yet, quantification of waning is a subtle task. The classical approaches cannot be interpreted as measures of declining efficacy unless we…
We review vaccine efficacy (VE) estimands for susceptibility in individual randomized trials with natural (unmeasured) exposure, where individual responses are measured as time from vaccination until an event (e.g., disease from the…