相关论文: Implementation of an alternative method for assess…
In oncology, conduct well-powered time-to-event randomized clinical trials may be challenging due to limited patietns number. Many designs for single-arm trials (SATs) have recently emerged as an alternative to overcome this issue. They…
The use of information from real world to assess the effectiveness of medical products is becoming increasingly popular and more acceptable by regulatory agencies. According to a strategic real-world evidence framework published by U.S.…
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been the cornerstone of clinical evidence; however, their cost, duration, and restrictive eligibility criteria limit power and external validity. Studies using real-world data (RWD), historically…
We consider the conditional treatment effect for competing risks data in observational studies. While it is described as a constant difference between the hazard functions given the covariates, we do not assume specific functional forms for…
The distribution of the incubation period of the novel coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019 (COVID-19) has crucial clinical implications for understanding this disease and devising effective disease-control measures. Qin et al. (2020)…
Lack of reliability is a well-known issue for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. This problem has gained increasing attention in recent years, and efforts to improve it have grown substantially. To aid RL researchers and production…
The methodological advancements made in the field of joint models are numerous. None the less, the case of competing risks joint models have largely been neglected, especially from a practitioner's point of view. In the relevant works on…
In reliability and life testing studies, the topic of estimating hazard rate has received great attention in recent years since an estimate of hazard rate is a quite useful tool for making decisions. Some works have included nonparametric…
Hazard ratios are often used to evaluate time to event outcomes, but they may be hard to interpret. A particular issue arise because hazards are typically estimated conditional on survival, i.e.\ on left truncated samples. Then, hazard…
This paper introduces a likelihood ratio (LR)-type test that possesses the robustness properties of \(C(\alpha)\)-type procedures in an extremum estimation setting. The test statistic is constructed by applying separate adjustments to the…
Ranked set sampling (RSS) is a cost-efficient study design that uses inexpensive baseline ranking to select a more informative subset of individuals for full measurement. While RSS is well known to improve precision over simple random…
In recent years, cancer clinical trials have increasingly encountered non proportional hazards (NPH) scenarios, particularly with the emergence of immunotherapy. In randomized controlled trials comparing immunotherapy with conventional…
The proportional hazards assumption in the commonly used Cox model for censored failure time data is often violated in scientific studies. Yang and Prentice (2005) proposed a novel semiparametric two-sample model that includes the…
We consider the task of evaluating policies of algorithmic resource allocation through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Such policies are tasked with optimizing the utilization of limited intervention resources, with the goal of…
Desirability Of Outcome Ranking (DOOR) methodology accounts for problems that conventional benefit:risk analyses in clinical trials ignore, such as competing risks and the trade-off relationship between efficacy and toxicity. DOOR levels…
The non-identifiability of the competing risks model requires researchers to work with restrictions on the model to obtain informative results. We present a new identifiability solution based on an exclusion restriction. Many areas of…
Predicting relative risk (RR) of spatial clusters is a complex task in public health that can be achieved through various statistical and machine-learning methods for different time intervals. However, high-resolution longitudinal data is…
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are regarded as the gold standard for estimating causal treatment effects on health outcomes. However, RCTs are not always feasible, because of time, budget or ethical constraints. Observational data such…
The difference in restricted mean survival times between two groups is a clinically relevant summary measure. With observational data, there may be imbalances in confounding variables between the two groups. One approach to account for such…
Binary endpoints are common in clinical trials and conditional odds ratios have traditionally been used to assess treatment effects. However, the interpretation of odds ratios is difficult, they are non-collapsible and rely on strong…