相关论文: Decision rules for identifying combination therapi…
Traditional methods for covariate adjustment of treatment means in designed experiments are inherently conditional on the observed covariate values. In order to develop a coherent general methodology for analysis of covariance, we propose a…
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are ideal for estimating causal effects, because the distributions of background covariates are similar in expectation across treatment groups. When estimating causal effects using observational data,…
Under what circumstances is it a threat to the parallel trends assumption required for Difference in Differences (DiD) studies if treatment decisions are based on past values of the outcome? We explore via simulation studies whether…
This paper considers the identification of treatment effects on conditional transition probabilities. We show that even under random assignment only the instantaneous average treatment effect is point identified. Since treated and control…
Suppose an online platform wants to compare a treatment and control policy, e.g., two different matching algorithms in a ridesharing system, or two different inventory management algorithms in an online retail site. Standard randomized…
Individualizing treatment assignment can improve outcomes for diseases with patient-to-patient variability in comparative treatment effects. When a clinical trial demonstrates that some patients improve on treatment while others do not, it…
Platform trials allow treatment arms to enter and exit over time while maintaining a shared control arm, yielding concurrent and non-concurrent controls (NCC). Pooling NCC is often motivated as a strategy to improve statistical efficiency,…
Background: Experimental treatments pass through various stages of development. If a treatment passes through early phase experiments, the investigators may want to assess it in a late phase randomised controlled trial. An efficient way to…
The clinical trial process, a critical phase in drug development, is essential for developing new treatments. The primary goal of interventional clinical trials is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug-based treatments for specific…
Estimation and evaluation of individualized treatment rules have been studied extensively, but real-world treatment resource constraints have received limited attention in existing methods. We investigate a setting in which treatment is…
The focus of this paper is on quantifying the capacity of covariates in devising efficient treatment rules when data from a randomized trial are available. Conventional one-variable-at-a-time subgroup analysis based on statistical…
Medication adherence is a well-known problem for pharmaceutical treatment of chronic diseases. Understanding how nonadherence affects treatment efficacy is made difficult by the ethics of clinical trials that force patients to skip doses of…
Parallel iterative applications often suffer from load imbalance, one of the most critical performance degradation factors. Hence, load balancing techniques are used to distribute the workload evenly to maximize performance. A key challenge…
The flexibility level allowed in nursing care delivery and uncertainty in infusion durations are very important factors to be considered during the chemotherapy schedule generation task. The nursing care delivery scheme employed in an…
Simulation is a fundamental research tool in the computer architecture field. These kinds of tools enable the exploration and evaluation of architectural proposals capturing the most relevant aspects of the highly complex systems under…
There are multiple cluster randomised trial designs that vary in when the clusters cross between control and intervention states, when observations are made within clusters, and how many observations are made at that time point. Identifying…
Online user-generated content platforms allocate billions of dollars of promotional traffic through algorithms in two-sided marketplaces. To evaluate updates to these algorithms, platforms frequently rely on creator-side randomized…
Clinical trials constitute a critical yet exceptionally challenging and costly stage of drug development (\$2.6B per drug), where protocols are encoded as complex natural language documents, motivating the use of AI systems beyond manual…
Tactical selection of experiments to estimate an underlying model is an innate task across various fields. Since each experiment has costs associated with it, selecting statistically significant experiments becomes necessary. Classic linear…
Bayesian statistics plays a pivotal role in advancing medical science by enabling healthcare companies, regulators, and stakeholders to assess the safety and efficacy of new treatments, interventions, and medical procedures. The Bayesian…