相关论文: What Were They Thinking? Pharmacologic priors impl…

This paper introduces a new Phase I design aimed at enhancing the performance of existing methods, including algorithm-based, model-based, and model-assisted designs. The design, developed by integrating the concept of Fisher information,…

Experiments on decision making under uncertainty are known to display a classical pattern of risk aversion and risk seeking referred to as "fourfold pattern" (or "reflection effect") , but recent experiments varying the speed and order of…

Background: Drug development is often inefficient, costly and lengthy, yet it is essential for evaluating the safety and efficacy of new interventions. Compared with other disease areas, this is particularly true for Phase II / III cancer…

In a recent paper Dette et al. (2014) introduced optimal design problems for dose fnding studies with an active control. These authors concentrated on regression models with normal distributed errors (with known variance) and the problem of…

In clinical trials, inferences on clinical outcomes are often made conditional on specific selective processes. For instance, only when a treatment demonstrates a significant effect on the primary outcome, further analysis is conducted to…

Human understanding of randomness and variation is shaped by a number of cognitive biases. Here we relate a lesser-known cognitive bias, the "outcome orientation", to medical questions and describe the harm that the outcome orientation can…

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to contrast the retrospective and prospective use of experts beliefs in choosing between survival models in economic evaluations. Methods: The use of experts retrospective (posterior) beliefs is…

Medical research has evolved conventions for choosing sample size in randomized clinical trials that rest on the theory of hypothesis testing. Bayesians have argued that trials should be designed to maximize subjective expected utility in…

Basket designs are prospective clinical trials that are devised with the hypothesis that the presence of selected molecular features determine a patient's subsequent response to a particular "targeted" treatment strategy. Basket trials are…

Robotic cell injection is used for automatically delivering substances into a cell and is an integral component of drug development, genetic engineering and many other areas of cell biology. Traditionally, the correctness of functionality…

We examine nonparametric dose-finding designs that use toxicity estimates based on all available data at each dose allocation decision. We prove that one such design family, called here "interval design", converges almost surely to the…

Adaptive designs have been proposed for clinical trials in which the nuisance parameters or alternative of interest are unknown or likely to be misspecified before the trial. Whereas most previous works on adaptive designs and mid-course…

Dose-finding trials for oncology studies are traditionally designed to assess safety in the early stages of drug development. With the rise of molecularly targeted therapies and immuno-oncology compounds, biomarker-driven approaches have…

Phase II dose finding studies in clinical drug development are typically conducted to adequately characterize the dose response relationship of a new drug. An important decision is then on the choice of a suitable dose response function to…

Quantitative decision-making (QDM) principles address the issues related to the mapping of results to decisions, the synthesis of information and the quantification of uncertainty. Since the clinical drug development involves a succession…

External pilot trials of complex interventions are used to help determine if and how a confirmatory trial should be undertaken, providing estimates of parameters such as recruitment, retention and adherence rates. The decision to progress…

Clinical trials provide essential guidance for practicing Evidence-Based Medicine, though often accompanying with unendurable costs and risks. To optimize the design of clinical trials, we introduce a novel Clinical Trial Result Prediction…

Effective decision making from randomised controlled clinical trials relies on robust interpretation of the numerical results. However, the language we use to describe clinical trials can cause confusion both in trial design and in…

In this paper, a Bayesian approach is developed for simultaneously comparing multiple experimental treatments with a common control treatment in an exploratory clinical trial. The sample size is set to ensure that, at the end of the study,…

Drug development is an expensive and time-consuming process where thousands of chemical compounds are being tested in order to find those possessing drug-like properties while being safe and effective. One of key parts of the early drug…