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This article concerns the expressive power of depth in neural nets with ReLU activations and bounded width. We are particularly interested in the following questions: what is the minimal width $w_{\text{min}}(d)$ so that ReLU nets of width…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-10-22 Boris Hanin

We show expression rates and stability in Sobolev norms of deep feedforward ReLU neural networks (NNs) in terms of the number of parameters defining the NN for continuous, piecewise polynomial functions, on arbitrary, finite partitions…

数值分析 · 数学 2024-08-01 Joost A. A. Opschoor , Christoph Schwab

In this review paper, we give a comprehensive overview of the large variety of approximation results for neural networks. Approximation rates for classical function spaces as well as benefits of deep neural networks over shallow ones for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-07-10 Ingo Gühring , Mones Raslan , Gitta Kutyniok

This paper considers the following question: how well can depth-two ReLU networks with randomly initialized bottom-level weights represent smooth functions? We give near-matching upper- and lower-bounds for $L_2$-approximation in terms of…

Motivated by the growing theoretical understanding of neural networks that employ the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) as their activation function, we revisit the use of ReLU activation functions for learning implicit neural representations…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-08-05 Joseph Shenouda , Yamin Zhou , Robert D. Nowak

This work addresses two fundamental limitations in neural network approximation theory. We demonstrate that a three-dimensional network architecture enables a significantly more efficient representation of sawtooth functions, which serves…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-03-13 ZeYu Li , FengLei Fan , TieYong Zeng

In 1989 George Cybenko proved in a landmark paper that wide shallow neural networks can approximate arbitrary continuous functions on a compact set. This universal approximation theorem sparked a lot of follow-up research. Shen, Yang and…

经典分析与常微分方程 · 数学 2023-06-02 Jan Holstermann

Deep neural networks have been widely used as universal approximators for functions with inherent physical structures, including permutation symmetry. In this paper, we construct symmetric deep neural networks to approximate symmetric…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Yulong Lu , Tong Mao , Jinchao Xu , Yahong Yang

We study the approximation properties of shallow neural networks with an activation function which is a power of the rectified linear unit. Specifically, we consider the dependence of the approximation rate on the dimension and the…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-12-23 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) powered by neural net approximation of the Q function has had enormous empirical success. While the theory of RL has traditionally focused on linear function approximation (or eluder dimension) approaches,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-28 Baihe Huang , Kaixuan Huang , Sham M. Kakade , Jason D. Lee , Qi Lei , Runzhe Wang , Jiaqi Yang

We demonstrate that deep neural networks with the ReLU activation function can efficiently approximate the solutions of various types of parametric linear transport equations. For non-smooth initial conditions, the solutions of these PDEs…

数值分析 · 数学 2020-01-31 Fabian Laakmann , Philipp Petersen

We develop a quantitative approximation theory for shallow neural networks using tools from time-frequency analysis. Working in weighted modulation spaces $M^{p,q}_m(\mathbf{R}^{d})$, we prove dimension-independent approximation rates in…

数值分析 · 数学 2026-04-14 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Elena Cordero

While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

Until recently, applications of neural networks in machine learning have almost exclusively relied on real-valued networks. It was recently observed, however, that complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) exhibit superior performance in…

泛函分析 · 数学 2021-12-06 A. Caragea , D. G. Lee , J. Maly , G. Pfander , F. Voigtlaender

We prove a theorem concerning the approximation of multivariate functions by deep ReLU networks. We present new error estimates for which the curse of the dimensionality is lessened by establishing a connection with sparse grids.

数值分析 · 数学 2018-08-15 Hadrien Montanelli , Qiang Du

Neural Networks (NNs) are the method of choice for building learning algorithms. Their popularity stems from their empirical success on several challenging learning problems. However, most scholars agree that a convincing theoretical…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-01-01 Ronald DeVore , Boris Hanin , Guergana Petrova

We propose a deep neural network architecture and a training algorithm for computing approximate Lyapunov functions of systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Under the assumption that the system admits a compositional…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2020-12-01 Lars Grüne

This paper focuses on establishing $L^2$ approximation properties for deep ReLU convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in two-dimensional space. The analysis is based on a decomposition theorem for convolutional kernels with a large spatial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-04 Juncai He , Lin Li , Jinchao Xu

We develop a versatile deep neural network architecture, called Lyapunov-Net, to approximate Lyapunov functions of dynamical systems in high dimensions. Lyapunov-Net guarantees positive definiteness, and thus it can be easily trained to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-19 Nathan Gaby , Fumin Zhang , Xiaojing Ye

Deep learning based on deep neural networks of various structures and architectures has been powerful in many practical applications, but it lacks enough theoretical verifications. In this paper, we consider a family of deep convolutional…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-07-29 Zhiying Fang , Han Feng , Shuo Huang , Ding-Xuan Zhou