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We investigate simple strategies that embody the decisions that one faces when trying to park near a popular destination. Should one park far from the target (destination), where finding a spot is easy, but then be faced with a long walk,…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2020-02-25 P. L. Krapivsky , S. Redner

Parking functions correspond with preferences of $n$ cars which enter sequentially to park on a one-way street where (1) each car parks in the first available spot greater than or equal to its preference and (2) all cars successfully park.…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-12-12 Steve Butler , Kimberly Hadaway , Victoria Lenius , Preston Martens , Marshall Moats

Place a car independently with probability $p$ at each site of a graph. Each initially vacant site is a parking spot that can fit one car. Cars simultaneously perform independent random walks. When a car encounters an available parking spot…

概率论 · 数学 2018-09-07 Michael Damron , Janko Gravner , Matthew Junge , Hanbaek Lyu , David Sivakoff

Consider $n$ cars $C_1, C_2, \ldots, C_n$ that want to park in a parking lot with parking spaces $1,2,\ldots,n$ that appear in order. Each car $C_i$ has a parking preference $\alpha_i \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. The cars appear in order, if…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-11-29 Melanie Tian , Enrique Treviño

Models of parking in which cars are placed randomly and then move according to a deterministic rule have been studied since the work of Konheim and Weiss in the 1960s. Recently, Damron, Gravner, Junge, Lyu, and Sivakoff introduced a model…

概率论 · 数学 2021-08-19 Michał Przykucki , Alexander Roberts , Alex Scott

Designing efficient car parking mechanisms that can be potentially integrated into future intelligent transportation systems is of crucial importance. Usually, the related design problems are combinatorial and the worst-case complexity of…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2014-01-27 Elisabetta Alfonsetti , Pradeep Chathuranga Weeraddana , Carlo Fischione

We consider two variations of the discrete car parking problem where at every vertex of the integers a car arrives with rate one, now allowing for parking in two lines. a) The car parks in the first line whenever the vertex and all of its…

数学物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 S. R. Fleurke , C. Kuelske

A parking function $(c_1,\ldots,c_n)$ can be viewed as having $n$ cars trying to park on a one-way street with $n$ parking spots, where car $i$ tries to park in spot $c_i$, and otherwise he parks in the leftmost available spot after $c_i$.…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-09-24 Sam Spiro

A parking function is a function $\pi:[n]\to [n]$ whose $i$th-smallest output is at most $i,$ corresponding to a parking procedure for $n$ cars on a one-way street. We refine this concept by introducing preference-restricted parking…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-07-17 Jasper Bown , Peter Kagey , Alan Kappler , Michael E. Orrison , Jayden Thadani

We introduce the class of bilateral parking procedures on the integer line. While cars try to park in the nearest available spot to their right in the classical case, we consider more general parking rules that allow cars to use the nearest…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-20 Philippe Nadeau

Current navigation systems conflate time-to-drive with the true time-to-arrive by ignoring parking search duration and the final walking leg. Such underestimation can significantly affect user experience, mode choice, congestion, and…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-03 Cameron Hickert , Sirui Li , Zhengbing He , Cathy Wu

In the classical parking problem, unit intervals ("car lengths") are placed uniformly at random without overlapping. The process terminates at saturation, i.e. until no more unit intervals can be stowed. In this paper, we present a…

概率论 · 数学 2021-12-28 Pavel B. Dubovski , Michael Tamarov

Searching for a parking spot can waste time and gasoline. This waste can be reduced by assigning drivers to parking lots based on their destination and arrival time. In such a system, drivers could request a parking spot in advance and be…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2015-07-14 Nicole Taheri , Jia Yuan Yu , Robert Shorten

Parking occupancy in the area is defined by three major parameters - the rate of cars arrivals, the dwell time of already parked cars, and the willingness of drivers who are searching but yet did not find a vacant parking spot, to continue…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2022-10-27 Aleksey Ogulenko , Itzhak Benenson , Nir Fulman

The choice of forward and reverse parking in a parking lot is studied as a stochastic process. An $M/M/c/c$ queueing system is used as an initial framework. We use Monte Carlo simulation to get the relationship between vehicle orientation…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2019-10-01 Kexin Xie , Myron Hlynka

The problem of path planning for automated parking is usually presented as finding a collision-free path from initial to goal positions, where three out of four parking slot edges represent obstacles. We rethink the path planning problem…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-05-06 Jiri Vlasak , Michal Sojka , Zdeněk Hanzálek

Let $(A_u : u \in \mathbb{B})$ be i.i.d.~non-negative integers that we interpret as car arrivals on the vertices of the full binary tree $ \mathbb{B}$. Each car tries to park on its arrival node, but if it is already occupied, it drives…

概率论 · 数学 2022-06-02 David Aldous , Alice Contat , Nicolas Curien , Olivier Hénard

In this article, we establish new results on the probabilistic parking model (introduced by Durm\'ic, Han, Harris, Ribeiro, and Yin) with $m$ cars and $n$ parking spots and probability parameter $p\in[0,1]$. For any $ m \leq n$ and $p \in…

概率论 · 数学 2025-02-04 Pamela E. Harris , Rodrigo Ribeiro , Mei Yin

Initially a car is placed with probability p at each site of the two-dimensional integer lattice. Each car is equally likely to be East-facing or North-facing, and different sites receive independent assignments. At odd time steps, each…

概率论 · 数学 2007-05-23 Omer Angel , Alexander E Holroyd , James B Martin

We explore the question of how to learn an optimal search strategy within the example of a parking problem where parking opportunities arrive according to an unknown inhomogeneous Poisson process. The optimal policy is a threshold-type…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Stefan Ankirchner , Maximilian Philipp Thiel
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