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Bitcoin is a popular cryptocurrency that records alltransactions in a distributed append-only public ledger calledblockchain. The security of Bitcoin heavily relies on the incentive-compatible proof-of-work (PoW) based distributed consensus…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-06-05 Mauro Conti , Sandeep Kumar E , Chhagan Lal , Sushmita Ruj

Cryptocurrencies have gained popularity due to their transparency, security, and accessibility compared to traditional financial systems, with Bitcoin, introduced in 2009, leading the market. Bitcoin's security relies on blockchain…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-12 Dinitha Wijewardhana , Sugandima Vidanagamachchi , Nalin Arachchilage

Soon after its introduction in 2009, Bitcoin has been adopted by cyber-criminals, which rely on its pseudonymity to implement virtually untraceable scams. One of the typical scams that operate on Bitcoin are the so-called Ponzi schemes.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-03-05 Massimo Bartoletti , Barbara Pes , Sergio Serusi

Cryptocurrencies have garnered a lot of attention by governments and internet enthusiasts over the past three years. These currencies are celebrated for their security and speedy transactions in a modern era of digital commerce. Bitcoin was…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-02-13 David Watkins

In this study, we examine the behavior and profitability of modern malware that mines cryptocurrency. Unlike previous studies, we look at the cryptocurrency market as a whole, rather than just Bitcoin. We not only consider PCs, but also…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2019-01-31 Radhesh Krishnan Konoth , Rolf van Wegberg , Veelasha Moonsamy , Herbert Bos

In January 3, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto gave rise to the "Bitcoin Block Chain" creating the first block of the chain hashing on his computers central processing unit (CPU). Since then, the hash calculations to mine Bitcoin have been getting…

交易与市场微观结构 · 定量金融 2017-02-08 Luisanna Cocco , Michele Marchesi

We develop a dynamic model of the Bitcoin market where users set fees themselves and miners decide whether to operate and whom to validate based on those fees. Our analysis reveals how, in equilibrium, users adjust their bids in response to…

理论经济学 · 经济学 2025-02-24 Yuichiro Kamada , Shunya Noda

Although Bitcoin was intended to be a decentralized digital currency, in practice, mining power is quite concentrated. This fact is a persistent source of concern for the Bitcoin community. We provide an explanation using a simple model to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-11-22 Nick Arnosti , S. Matthew Weinberg

Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to maintain transactions order and provides probabilistic guarantee to prevent double-spending, assuming that an attacker's computational power does not exceed %50 of the network power. In this paper, we…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Ghader Ebrahimpour , Mohammad Sayad Haghighi

The idea of security sharing goes back to Nakamoto's introduction of merge mining, a technique that enables Bitcoin miners to reuse their hash power to bootstrap and secure other Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains. However, with the rise of…

Bitcoin is firmly becoming a mainstream asset in our global society. Its highly volatile nature has traders and speculators flooding into the market to take advantage of its significant price swings in the hope of making money. This work…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-29 Nathan Crone , Eoin Brophy , Tomas Ward

This study explores the intersection of technological innovation and environmental sustainability in the context of Bitcoin mining. With Bitcoin's growing adoption, concerns surrounding the energy consumption and environmental impact of…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-11-15 Mohammad Ikbal Hossain , Tanja Steigner

Most current assessments use ex post proxies that miss uncertainty and fail to consistently capture the rapid change in bitcoin mining. We introduce a unified, ex ante statistical model that derives expected return, downside risk, and…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-12-24 Yuting Cai , Ruthav Sadali , Korok Ray , Chao Tian

Mining blocks on a blockchain equipped with a proof of work consensus protocol is well-known to be resource-consuming. A miner bears the operational cost, mainly electricity consumption and IT gear, of mining, and is compensated by a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-10-27 Hansjoerg Albrecher , Pierre-Olivier Goffard

Since the creation of Bitcoin, transaction tracking is one of the prominent means for following the movement of Bitcoins involved in illegal activities. Although every Bitcoin transaction is recorded in the blockchain database, which is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-12-06 Tin Tironsakkul , Manuel Maarek , Andrea Eross , Mike Just

Bitcoin mining is a wasteful and resource-intensive process. To add a block of transactions to the blockchain, miners spend a considerable amount of energy. The Bitcoin protocol, named 'proof of work' (PoW), resembles a lottery and the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-01-28 Andrei Lihu , Jincheng Du , Igor Barjaktarevic , Patrick Gerzanics , Mark Harvilla

Background: During the last years, there has been a lot of discussion and estimations on the energy consumption of Bitcoin miners. However, most of the studies are focused on estimating energy consumption, not in exploring the factors that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-07-23 Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona

Mining in proof-of-work blockchains has become an expensive affair requiring specialized hardware capable of executing several megahashes per second at huge electricity costs. Miners earn a reward each time they mine a block within the…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-08-30 Arti Vedula , Abhishek Gupta , Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan

Blockchain is a technology that provides a distributed ledger that stores previous records while maintaining consistency and security. Bitcoin is the first and largest decentralized electronic cryptographic system that uses blockchain…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-11-05 Befekadu G. Gebraselase , Bjarne E. Helvik , Yuming Jiang

We study the strategic implications that arise from adding one extra option to the miners participating in the bitcoin protocol. We propose that when adding a block, miners also have the ability to pay forward an amount to be collected by…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2019-05-21 Elias Koutsoupias , Philip Lazos , Paolo Serafino , Foluso Ogunlana