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In Aug. 2017, Bitcoin was split into the original Bitcoin (BTC) and Bitcoin Cash (BCH). Since then, miners have had a choice between BTC and BCH mining because they have compatible proof-of-work algorithms. Therefore, they can freely choose…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-03-05 Yujin Kwon , Hyoungshick Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Yongdae Kim

Bitcoin has become the leading cryptocurrency system, but the limit on its transaction processing capacity has resulted in increased transaction fees and delayed transaction confirmation. As such, it is pertinent to understand and probably…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-06-21 Befekadu G. Gebraselase , Bjarne E. Helvik , Yuming Jiang

We calculate the probability of success of block-hiding mining strategies in Bitcoin-like networks. These strategies involve building a secret branch of the block-tree and publishing it opportunistically, aiming to replace the top of the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2014-02-19 Assaf Shomer

Anonymity in Bitcoin, a peer-to-peer electronic currency system, is a complicated issue. Within the system, users are identified by public-keys only. An attacker wishing to de-anonymize its users will attempt to construct the one-to-many…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2012-05-08 Fergal Reid , Martin Harrigan

The Bitcoin digital currency appeared in 2009. Since this time, researchers and practitioners have looked under the hood of the open source Bitcoin currency, and discovered that Bitcoins Blockchain software architecture is useful for…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2017-03-20 J. Prpić

Cryptocurrencies have gained tremendous popularity over the past few years. The purpose of this study is to try to understand the factors that are driving cryptocurrency-related trading activities. Focusing on the well-established…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2019-01-04 Natalia Jerdack , Akmaral Dauletbek , Meredith Divine , Michael Hult , Arthur Carvalho

Mining processes of Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies are currently incentivized with voluntary transaction fees and fixed block rewards which will halve gradually to zero. In the setting where optional and arbitrary transaction fee…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-07-14 Tiantian Gong , Mohsen Minaei , Wenhai Sun , Aniket Kate

Bitcoin is the first and undoubtedly most successful cryptocurrecny to date with a market capitalization of more than 100 billion dollars. Today, Bitcoin has more than 100,000 supporting merchants and more than 3 million active users.…

Digital currencies represent a new method for exchange and investment that differs strongly from any other fiat money seen throughout history. A digital currency makes it possible to perform all financial transactions without the…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2015-03-11 Xianyi Gao , Gradeigh D. Clark , Janne Lindqvist

The recent advances of web-based cryptomining libraries along with the whopping market value of cryptocoins have convinced an increasing number of publishers to switch to web mining as a source of monetization for their websites. The…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-06-07 Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Panagiotis Ilia , Evangelos P. Markatos

Blockchains and cryptocurrencies disrupted the conversion of energy into a medium of exchange. Numerous applications for blockchains and cryptocurrencies are now envisioned for purposes ranging from inventory control to banking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-01-05 Felipe Ribas Coutinho , Victor Pires , Claudio Miceli , Daniel Sadoc Menasche

Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies prioritize transactions based on their fees, creating a unique kind of fee market. Empirically, this market has failed to yield stable equilibria with predictable prices for desired levels of service. We…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-01-23 Soumya Basu , David Easley , Maureen O'Hara , Emin Gün Sirer

We analyze Bitcoin mining from the perspective of a game and propose an optimal mining model that maximizes profits of pools and miners. The model is a two-stage Stackelberg game in which each stage forms a sub-game. In stage I, pools are…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2021-07-22 David Lajeunesse , Hugo D. Scolnik

We describe and analyze perishing mining, a novel block-withholding mining strategy that lures profit-driven miners away from doing useful work on the public chain by releasing block headers from a privately maintained chain. We then…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-02-10 Tong Cao , Jérémie Decouchant , Jiangshan Yu

In the cryptographic currency Bitcoin, all transactions are recorded in the blockchain - a public, global, and immutable ledger. Because transactions are public, Bitcoin and its users employ obfuscation to maintain a degree of financial…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2017-06-30 Arvind Narayanan , Malte Möser

One reason for the popularity of Bitcoin is due to its anonymity. Although several heuristics have been used to break the anonymity, new approaches are proposed to enhance its anonymity at the same time. One of them is the mixing service.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-03 Lei Wu , Yufeng Hu , Yajin Zhou , Haoyu Wang , Xiaopu Luo , Zhi Wang , Fan Zhang , Kui Ren

We survey recent results on the mathematical stability of Bitcoin protocol. Profitability and probability of a double spend are estimated in closed form with classical special functions. The stability of Bitcoin mining rules is analyzed and…

历史与综述 · 数学 2020-03-03 Cyril Grunspan , Ricardo Pérez-Marco

In this paper we discuss Bitcoin, the leader among the existing cryptocurrencies, to analyse its trends, success factors, current challenges and probable solutions to make it even better. In the introduction section, we discuss the history…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2014-12-24 Siddharth Prakash Rao

The value of proof-of-work cryptocurrencies critically depends on miners having incentives to follow the protocol. However, the Bitcoin mining protocol proposed by Nakamoto (2008) and implemented in practice is well known not to constitute…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Manuel Mueller-Frank , Minghao Pan , Omer Tamuz

Cryptocurrencies have recently been in the spotlight of public debate due to their embrace by the new US President, with crypto fans expecting a 'bull run'. The global cryptocurrency market capitalisation is more than \$3.50 trillion, with…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Marco Venturini , Daniel García-Costa , Elena Álvarez-García , Francisco Grimaldo , Flaminio Squazzoni