相关论文: On the gauge dependence of gravitational waves gen…

The gauge dependence of the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) generated at the second order imposes a challenge to the discussion of the secondary gravitational waves generated by scalar perturbations. We provide a general formula…

We investigate the gauge invariance of the second order gravitational waves induced by the first order scalar perturbations by following the Lie derivative method. It is shown explicitly that the second order gravitational waves are gauge…

This paper discusses the gauge issue touching the gravitational waves induced at the second order by the scalar modes of cosmological perturbations. These waves are known to depend on the gauge used for their calculation. In this paper, we…

We study gauge (in)dependence of the gravitational waves (GWs) induced from curvature perturbations. For the GWs produced in a radiation-dominated era, we find that the observable (late-time) GWs in the TT gauge and in the Newtonian gauge…

The energy density spectrum is an observable of gravitational waves. Divergence has appeared in the energy density spectra of the scalar induced gravitational waves for different gauge fixings. To resolve the discrepancy, we investigate the…

Primordial isocurvature perturbations, which can arise from various sources in the early Universe, have the potential to leave observable imprints on the gravitational-wave background and provide insights into the nature of primordial…

A tensor-type cosmological perturbation, defined as a transverse and traceless spatial fluctuation, is often interpreted as the gravitational waves. While decoupled from the scalar-type perturbations in linear order, the tensor…

We revisit the vital issue of gauge dependence in the scalar-induced secondary gravitational waves (SIGWs), focusing on the radiation domination (RD) and matter domination (MD) eras. The energy density spectrum is the main physical…

Second-order tensor modes induced by nonlinear gravity are a key component of the cosmological background of gravitational waves. A detection of this background would allow us to probe the primordial power spectrum at otherwise inaccessible…

In this review we look into the gauge-dependence of scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) that are second-order tensors produced by first-order scalar-modes. The method includes deriving the background, first- and second-order Einstein…

We investigate the second-order gravitational scalar perturbations for a barotropic fluid. We derive the effective energy-momentum tensor described by the quadratic terms of the gravitational and the matter perturbations. We show that the…

Gravitational waves (GWs) induced by scalar curvature fluctuations are an important source of the cosmological GW background and a crucial counterpart of the primordial black hole scenario. However, doubts have been cast on the…

We analytically study the gauge dependence of scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) sourced by primordial isocurvature perturbations during radiation domination (RD), working across nine gauges. Through analytical integrations of the…

There is currently no rigorous definition of gravitational wave strain at second order in cosmological perturbation theory. The usual association of gravitational waves with transverse and traceless fluctuations of the metric on spatial…

The issue of the gauge invariance of gravitational waves arises if they are produced in the early universe at second-order in perturbation theory. We address it by dividing the discussion about the gauge invariance in three parts: the…

In this letter we calculate the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) accompanying the formation of primordial black hole during the radiation dominated era in three different gauges, i.e. synchronous gauge, Newton gauge and uniform…

We present a new approach to gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations at second order, which is also covariant. We examine two cases in particular for a dust Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model of any curvature: we investigate…

The cosmological stochastic gravitational-wave background produced by the mildly non-linear evolution of density fluctuations is analyzed, in the frame of an Einstein-de Sitter model, by means of a fully relativistic perturbation expansion…

At second-order, scalar perturbations can source traceless and transverse perturbations to the metric, called induced gravitational waves (IGW). The apparent gauge-dependence of the IGW obscures the interpretation of the stochastic…

We study the scalar induced tensor perturbations at second order during matter domination in seven different gauges. Considering the obtained solution from the Newtonian gauge, we use the gauge transformation law of the scalar induced…