相关论文: Horizon Molecules in Causal Set Theory

We construct a diffeormorphism invariant operator that is sensitive to how far we are from the black hole horizon. Its expectation value blows up on the horizon and it is small away from the horizon. Using this operator, we propose a…

Unlike the relativity theory it seeks to replace, causal set theory has been interpreted to leave space for a substantive, though perhaps 'localized', form of 'becoming'. The possibility of fundamental becoming is nourished by the fact that…

In various areas of modern physics and in particular in quantum gravity or foundational space-time physics it is of great importance to be in the possession of a systematic procedure by which a macroscopic or continuum limit can be…

Causal approaches to post-hoc explainability for black-box prediction models (e.g., deep neural networks trained on image pixel data) have become increasingly popular. However, existing approaches have two important shortcomings: (i) the…

This paper, based on the interdisciplinary frontiers of quantum electrodynamics, causal set theory, and the AdS/CFT holographic duality, integrates Keppler's zero point field resonance theory, the discrete causal structure and horizon…

In this paper we prove under some simplifying hypotheses questions of Picoco and Levinson-Ullery on Cayley-Bacharach sets. Our results imply that, under suitable hypotheses Cayley-Bacharach sets lie on curves of low degree. We then use…

Linear topological spaces with partial ordering (linear kinematics) are studied. They are defined by a set of 8 axioms implying that topology, linear structure and ordering are compatible with each other. Most of the results are valid for…

MOG as a modified gravity theory is designed to be replaced with dark matter. In this theory, in addition to the metric tensor, a massive vector is a gravity field where each particle has a charge proportional to the inertial mass and…

Lyman and Werner band absorption features from interstellar molecular hydrogen in rotational levels J = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 were observed in the spectrum of zeta Ori A by the Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph (IMAPS). Most of…

The perturbation theory plays an important role in studying structure formation in cosmology and post-Newtonian physics, but not all phenomena can be described by the linear perturbation theory. Thus, It is necessary to study exact…

We derive radial and vertical distributions of HI and H2 gas densities in our Galaxy by using the terminal velocity method. We calculate the molecular fraction (f_mol) defined as the ratio of the molecular hydrogen to total hydrogen gas…

We show that the attractor mechanism for generic black hole is a consequence of the double-horizon. Investigation of equations of motion shows that in the case of the double-horizon black holes, the dynamics of the geometry, the scalars and…

We show that singularities necessarily occur when a boundary of causality violating set exists in a space-time under the physically suitable assumptions except the global causality condition in the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems.…

Causality is a central concept in a wide range of research areas, yet there is still no universally agreed axiomatisation of causality. We view causality both as an extension of probability theory and as a study of \textit{what happens when…

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in aligned linear molecules can offer valuable information about strong-field interactions in lower-lying molecular orbitals, but extracting this information is difficult for three-dimensional molecular…

Let Z be a so-called well-behaved percolation, i.e. a certain random closed set in the hyperbolic plane, whose law is invariant under all isometries; for example the covered region in a Poisson Boolean model. The Hausdorff-dimension of the…

A causal set is a countably infinite poset in which every element is above finitely many others; causal sets are exactly the posets that have a linear extension with the order-type of the natural numbers -- we call such a linear extension a…

We give an up-to-date perspective with a general overview of the theory of causal properties, the derived causal structures, their classification and applications, and the definition and construction of causal boundaries and of causal…

Caustics are formally singular structures, with infinite density, that form in collisionless media. The non-negligible velocity dispersion of dark matter particles renders their density finite. We evaluate the maximum density of the…

The aim in many sciences is to understand the mechanisms that underlie the observed distribution of variables, starting from a set of initial hypotheses. Causal discovery allows us to infer mechanisms as sets of cause and effect…