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This report presents a statistical analysis of the impact of key maternal characteristics, including age, smoking status, parity, height, weight, and gestation period, on newborn birth weight. A realworld dataset comprising 1,236…

The abrupt decline in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of Puerto Rico since 2000 makes the prospect of a sustained population decline a real possibility. From 2000 to 2021 the TFR declined from 2.1 to 0.9 children per woman, one of the lowest…

This paper investigates whether associations between birth weight and prenatal ambient environmental conditions--pollution and extreme temperatures--differ by 1) maternal education; 2) children's innate health; and 3) interactions between…

Although interventional studies demonstrate that preventing malaria during pregnancy can reduce the low birth weight (i.e., child's birth weight $<$ 2,500 grams) rate, it remains unknown whether natural changes in parasite transmission and…

Puerto Rico has one of the lowest total fertility rates (TFR) in the world. Combined with a negative net migration and a high proportion of older adults, its unique situation motivates the need for further demographic analysis. Determining…

According to the WHO, in 2021, about 32% of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa were infected with malaria during pregnancy. Malaria infection during pregnancy can cause various adverse birth outcomes such as low birthweight. Over the past…

Anthropometric measurements such as weight, stature (height), and body mass index (BMI) provide reliable indicators of children's growth. The 2000 CDC growth charts are the national standards in the United States for these important…

Background Small for gestational age (SGA) birthweight, a risk factor of infant mortality and delayed child development, is associated with maternal educational attainment. Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy could contribute to this…

Children's health studies support an association between maternal environmental exposures and children's birth outcomes. A common goal is to identify critical windows of susceptibility--periods during gestation with increased association…

Babies born with low and very low birthweights -- i.e., birthweights below 2,500 and 1,500 grams, respectively -- have an increased risk of complications compared to other babies, and the proportion of babies with a low birthweight is a…

Recent literature reports mixed evidence on whether birthweight has decreased during the pandemic. In this paper, we use New York's hospital inpatient discharge data and contribute to this ongoing debate in multiple ways. First, we…

Maternal exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy can alter birth and children's health outcomes. Research seeks to identify critical windows, time periods when the exposures can change future health outcomes, and estimate the…

Does bearing children shorten a woman's life expectancy? Several demographic studies, historic and current, have found no such effect. But the Caerphilly cohort study is far the most prominent and frequently-cited, and it answers in the…

Uncovering the heterogeneous effects of particular policies or "treatments" is a key concern for researchers and policymakers. A common approach is to report average treatment effects across subgroups based on observable covariates.…

Neonatal death is still a concerning reality for underdeveloped and even some developed countries. Worldwide data indicate that 26.693 babies out of 1,000 births die, according to Macro Trades. To reduce this number, early prediction of…

We estimated the aerial biomass and stored carbon in twelve types of forests in the department of C\'ordoba with annual rain fall ranging from 3000 mm (super humid climates) to 1300 mm (semi-humid climate). Biomass was estimated based on…

Forest fires impact on soil, water and biota resources has been widely researched. Although forest fires profoundly impact the atmosphere and air quality across the ecosystems, much less research has been developed to examine its impact on…

We examine effects of protein and energy intakes on height and weight growth for children between 6 and 24 months old in Guatemala and the Philippines. Using instrumental variables to control for endogeneity and estimating multiple…

Suppose, contrary to fact, in 1950, we had put the cohort of 18 year old non-smoking American men on a stringent mandatory diet that guaranteed that no one would ever weigh more than their baseline weight established at age 18. How would…

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is the number of infants per 1000 that do not survive until their first birthday. It is an important metric providing information about infant health but it also measures the society's general health status.…