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Classical countably additive real-valued probabilities come at a philosophical cost: in many infinite situations, they assign the same probability value -- namely, zero -- to cases that are impossible as well as to cases that are possible.…

Quantum theory has an epistemic horizon, i.e. exact values cannot be assigned simultaneously to incompatible physical quantities. As shown by Spekkens' toy theory, positing an epistemic horizon akin to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in…

Model checking of strategic abilities is a notoriously hard problem, even more so in the realistic case of agents with imperfect information, acting in a stochastic environment. Assume-guarantee reasoning can be of great help here,…

The usual reading of logical implication "A implies B" as "if A then B" fails in intuitionistic logic: there are formulas A and B such that "A implies B" is not provable, even though B is provable whenever A is provable. Intuitionistic…

We discuss Wiseman, Cavalcanti and Rieffel's "thoughtful" local friendliness no-go theorem and the experimental programme they propose to test local friendliness inequalities. We argue that, to prove the theorem, the assumptions need to be…

In this work we first illustrate the subjective theory of de Finetti. We recall the notion of coherence for both the betting scheme and the penalty criterion, by considering the unconditional and conditional cases. We show the equivalence…

We investigate the quantum theory of closed systems based on the linear positivity decoherence condition of Goldstein and Page. A quantum theory of closed systems requires two elements; 1) a condition specifying which sets of histories may…

We establish a new Bernstein-type deviation inequality for general (non-reversible) discrete-time Markov chains via an elementary approach. More robust than existing works in the literature, our result only requires the Markov chain to…

We present and examine a result related to uncertainty reasoning, namely that a certain plausibility space of Cox's type can be uniquely embedded in a minimal ordered field. This, although a purely mathematical result, can be claimed to…

Let $\mathbb{Q}$ (resp. $\mathbb{R}$) be the field of rational (resp. real) numbers and $X = (X_1, \ldots, X_n)$ be variables. Deciding the non-negativity of polynomials in $\mathbb{Q}[X]$ over $\mathbb{R}^n$ or over semi-algebraic domains…

De Finetti's betting argument is used to justify finitely additive probabilities when only finitely many bets are considered. Under what circumstances can countably many bets be used to justify countable additivity? In this framework, one…

We provide out-of-sample certificates on the controlled invariance property of a given set with respect to a class of black-box linear systems. Specifically, we consider linear time-invariant models whose state space matrices are known only…

This paper is devoted to testing for the explosive bubble under time-varying non-stationary volatility. Because the limiting distribution of the seminal Phillips et al. (2011) test depends on the variance function and usually requires a…

The celebrated union-closed conjecture is concerned with the cardinalities of various subsets of the Boolean $d$-cube. The cardinality of such a set is equivalent, up to a constant, to its measure under the uniform distribution, so we can…

In this article, we derive conditions for the existence of solutions to state-constrained continuity inclusions in Wasserstein spaces whose right-hand sides may be discontinuous in time. These latter are based on a fine investigation of the…

We study Lindstrom quantifiers that satisfy certain closure properties which are motivated by the study of polymorphisms in the context of constraint satisfaction problems (CSP). When the algebra of polymorphisms of a finite structure B…

We construct a modification of the Poisson bracket which is suitable for a canonical analysis of space-time noncommutative field theories. We show that this bracket satisfies the Jacobi identities and generates equations of motion. In this…

This paper develops the first class of algorithms that enable unbiased estimation of steady-state expectations for multidimensional reflected Brownian motion. In order to explain our ideas, we first consider the case of compound Poisson…

Randomness is intrinsic to quantum mechanics; the outcome of a measurement on a quantum state is a random variable. This feature has been applied to randomness certification, where one party must decide whether the data they receive is…

This paper studies a new and more general axiomatization than one presented previously for preference on likelihood gambles. Likelihood gambles describe actions in a situation where a decision maker knows multiple probabilistic models and a…