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Mathematical models of capacity fade can reduce the time and cost of lithium-ion battery development and deployment, and growth of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a major source of capacity fade. Experiments in Part I reveal…

The capacity fade of modern lithium ion batteries is mainly caused by the formation and growth of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Numerous continuum models support its understanding and mitigation by studying SEI growth during…

Continued growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is the major reason for capacity fade in modern lithium-ion batteries. This growth is made possible by a yet unidentified transport mechanism that limits the passivating ability of…

Cycle life is critically important in applications of rechargeable batteries, but lifetime prediction is mostly based on empirical trends, rather than mathematical models. In practical lithium-ion batteries, capacity fade occurs over…

Electrolyte reduction products form the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. Even though this process practically stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interface, it results in continued…

Silicon anodes promise high energy densities of next-generation lithium-ion batteries, but suffer from shorter cycle life. The accelerated capacity fade stems from the repeated fracture and healing of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI)…

The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) substantially influences the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the transport mechanism responsible for the long-term growth of the SEI remains controversial. This study aims at…

This work proposes a semi-empirical model for the SEI growth process during the early stages of lithium-ion battery formation cycling and aging. By combining a full-cell model which tracks half-cell equilibrium potentials, a…

Accurately predicting aging of lithium-ion batteries would help to prolong their lifespan, but remains a challenge owing to the complexity and interrelation of different aging mechanisms. As a result, aging prediction often relies on…

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), a thin layer that dynamically forms between active electrode and electrolyte during battery operation, critically governs the performance of rechargeable batteries1-5. An ideal SEI is expected to be…

The structure and growth of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) region between an electrolyte and an electrode is one of the most fundamental, yet less-well understood phenomena in solid-state batteries. We present a parameter-free…

Capacity and coulombic efficiency are often used to assess the performance of Li-ion batteries, under the assumption that these quantities can provide direct insights about the rate of electron consumption due to growth of the solid…

Charge lost per unit surface area of a silicon electrode due to the formation of solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) layer during initial lithiation was quantified, and the species that constitute this layer were identified. Coin cells made…

The development of next-generation electrochemical energy storage requires devices that combine the high energy density of batteries with the power capability and long cycle life of supercapacitors. However, the interfacial phenomena…

The solid electrolyte interphase SEI critically dictates the cyclability and Coulombic efficiency of sodium-metal batteries, yet its dynamic formation mechanisms and atomic-scale evolution during electrochemical cycling remain elusive due…

The existence of passivating layers at the interfaces is a major factor enabling modern lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Their properties determine the cycle life, performance, and safety of batteries. A special case is the solid electrolyte…

Silicon-containing lithium-ion batteries can exhibit capacity gain early in life, which makes forecasting future cell behavior difficult. We have observed these anomalous trends even in conditions where known mechanisms, such as overhang…

It has been shown recently that the overpotential originating from ionic conduction of alkali-ions through the inner dense solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is strongly non-linear. An empirical equation was proposed to merge the measured…

Lithium ion batteries (LIB) can feature reactive anodes that operate at low potentials, such as lithium metal or silicon, passivated by solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films. SEI is known to evolve over time as cycling proceeds. In this…

Inactive lithium (Li) formation is the immediate cause of capacity loss and catastrophic failure of Li metal batteries. However, the chemical component and the atomic level structure of inactive Li have rarely been studied due to the lack…