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Meadows are alternatives for fields with a purely equational axiomatization. At the basis of meadows lies the decision to make the multiplicative inverse operation total by imposing that the multiplicative inverse of zero is zero. Divisive…

Common meadows are fields expanded with a total inverse function. Division by zero produces an additional value denoted with "a" that propagates through all operations of the meadow signature (this additional value can be interpreted as an…

Meadows - commutative rings equipped with a total inversion operation - can be axiomatized by purely equational means. We study subvarieties of the variety of meadows obtained by extending the equational theory and expanding the signature.

Meadows have been proposed as alternatives for fields with a purely equational axiomatization. At the basis of meadows lies the decision to make the multiplicative inverse operation total by imposing that the multiplicative inverse of zero…

Inversive meadows are commutative rings with a multiplicative identity element and a total multiplicative inverse operation whose value at 0 is 0. Divisive meadows are inversive meadows with the multiplicative inverse operation replaced by…

The rational, real and complex numbers with their standard operations, including division, are partial algebras specified by the axiomatic concept of a field. Since the class of fields cannot be defined by equations, the theory of…

Meadows are a sort of commutative rings with a multiplicative identity element and a total multiplicative inverse operation. In this paper we study algebraic properties of common meadows, which are meadows that introduce, as the inverse of…

Common meadows are commutative and associative algebraic structures with two operations (addition and multiplication) with additive and multiplicative identities and for which inverses are total. The inverse of zero is an error term…

Fracterms are introduced as a proxy for fractions. A precise definition of fracterms is formulated and on that basis reasonably precise definitions of various classes of fracterms are given. In the context of the meadow of rational numbers…

In the well-known construction of the field of fractions of an integral domain, division by zero is excluded. We introduce "fracpairs" as pairs subject to laws consistent with the use of the pair as a fraction, but do not exclude…

An inversive meadow is a commutative ring with identity equipped with a multiplicative inverse operation made total by choosing 0 as its value at 0. Previously, inversive meadows were shortly called meadows. A divisive meadow is an…

We extend the maximal unitarity method to amplitude contributions whose cuts define multidimensional algebraic varieties. The technique is valid to all orders and is explicitly demonstrated at three loops in gauge theories with any number…

We examine the consequences of having a total division operation $\frac{x}{y}$ on commutative rings. We consider two forms of binary division, one derived from a unary inverse, the other defined directly as a general operation; each are…

An abstract theory of ultradifferentiable sheafs is developed. Moreover, various applications to the theory of linear partial differential equations, differential geometry and, in particular, CR geometry are discussed.

A theoretical framework is developed to describe the transformation that distributes probability density functions uniformly over space. In one dimension, the cumulative distribution can be used, but does not generalize to higher…

Let Q_0 denote the rational numbers expanded to a "meadow", that is, after taking its zero-totalized form (0^{-1}=0) as the preferred interpretation. In this paper we consider "cancellation meadows", i.e., meadows without proper zero…

The derivative of a polynomial with all zeros on the unit circle has the zeros of its derivative on or inside the unit circle. It has been observed that in many cases the zeros of the derivative have a bimodal distribution: there are two…

We survey results on factorizations of non zero-divisors into atoms (irreducible elements) in noncommutative rings. The point of view in this survey is motivated by the commutative theory of non-unique factorizations. Topics covered include…

We analyse abstract data types that model numerical structures with a concept of error. Specifically, we focus on arithmetic data types that contain an error value $\bot$ whose main purpose is to always return a value for division. To rings…

Let Q_0 denote the rational numbers expanded to a meadow by totalizing inversion such that 0^{-1}=0. Q_0 can be expanded by a total sign function s that extracts the sign of a rational number. In this paper we discuss an extension Q_0(s…