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Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant (FT) mechanisms are essential for reliable quantum computing. However, QEC considerably increases the computation size up to four orders of magnitude. Moreover, FT implementation has…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-09-20 L. Lao , B. van Wee , I. Ashraf , J. van Someren , N. Khammassi , K. Bertels , C. G. Almudever

Graphical calculi are vital tools for representing and reasoning about quantum circuits and processes. Some are not only graphically intuitive but also logically complete. The best known of these is the ZX-calculus, which is an industry…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-03-24 Hector Miller-Bakewell

Quantum computing is an emerging technology in which quantum mechanical properties are suitably utilized to perform certain compute-intensive operations faster than classical computers. Quantum algorithms are designed as a combination of…

Lattice surgery is a measurement-based technique for performing fault-tolerant quantum computation in two dimensions. When using the surface code, the most general lattice surgery operations require lattice irregularities called twist…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-05-04 Christopher Chamberland , Earl T. Campbell

Given a quantum gate circuit, how does one execute it in a fault-tolerant architecture with as little overhead as possible? In this paper, we discuss strategies for surface-code quantum computing on small, intermediate and large scales.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-03-07 Daniel Litinski

Surface codes are versatile quantum error-correcting codes known for their planar geometry, making them ideal for practical implementations. While the original proposal used Pauli $X$ or Pauli $Z$ operators in a square structure, these…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-12-29 Diego Forlivesi , Lorenzo Valentini , Marco Chiani

Mapping a quantum algorithm to any practical large-scale quantum computer will require a sequence of compilations and optimizations. At the level of fault-tolerant encoding, one likely requirement of this process is the translation into a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-11-13 Michael Hanks , Marta P. Estarellas , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

Running quantum algorithms protected by quantum error correction requires a real time, classical decoder. To prevent the accumulation of a backlog, this decoder must process syndromes from the quantum device at a faster rate than they are…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-04-01 Sophia Fuhui Lin , Eric C. Peterson , Krishanu Sankar , Prasahnt Sivarajah

The large-scale execution of quantum algorithms requires basic quantum operations to be implemented fault-tolerantly. The most popular technique for accomplishing this, using the devices that can be realised in the near term, uses…

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for reasoning about ZX-diagrams, a type of tensor networks that can represent arbitrary linear maps between qubits. Using the ZX-calculus, we can intuitively reason about quantum theory, and optimise…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-05-04 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

Lattice surgery is a leading approach for implementing fault-tolerant logical operations in surface code quantum computing, but compiling efficient lattice surgery layouts remains challenging. Existing compilers are largely circuit-centric…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-31 Junyu Zhou , Yuhao Liu , Ethan Decker , Justin Kalloor , Mathias Weiden , Kean Chen , Costin Iancu , Gushu Li

Quantum error correction is necessary for large-scale quantum computing. A promising quantum error correcting code is the surface code. For this code, fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) can be performed via lattice surgery, i.e.,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-04 Daniel Bochen Tan , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Craig Gidney

In this paper we outline a method for a compiler to translate any non fault tolerant quantum circuit to the geometric representation of the lattice surgery error-correcting code using inherent merge and split operations. Since the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-01-27 Daniel Herr , Franco Nori , Simon J. Devitt

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for quantum processes with built-in rewrite rules. The rewrite rules allow equalities to be derived entirely graphically, leading to the question of completeness: can any equality that is derivable…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-11-06 Miriam Backens

Fault-tolerant quantum computation demands significant resources: large numbers of physical qubits must be checked for errors repeatedly to protect quantum data as logic gates are implemented in the presence of noise. We demonstrate that an…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-23 Felix Thomsen , Markus S. Kesselring , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

This thesis is a study of quantum error-correction codes from an algebraic perspective. We concern ourselves not only with quantum codes but also protocols to perform logical quantum computation using such codes. We derive new methods of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-05 Alexander Cowtan

For planar architectures surface code-based quantum error correction is one of the most promising approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation. This is partially due to the variety of fault-tolerant logical protocols that can be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-22 Áron Márton , Luis Colmenarez , Lukas Bödeker , Markus Müller

Fault-tolerant quantum computation using lattice surgery can be abstracted as operations on graphs, wherein each logical qubit corresponds to a vertex of the graph, and multi-qubit measurements are accomplished by connecting the vertices…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-26 Ryo Wakizaka , Yasunari Suzuki , Atsushi Igarashi

Encoding logical qubits with surface codes and performing multi-qubit logical operations with lattice surgery is one of the most promising approaches to demonstrate fault-tolerant quantum computing. Thus, a method to efficiently schedule a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-15 Kou Hamada , Yasunari Suzuki , Yuuki Tokunaga

In this paper, we demonstrate a direct correspondence between phase-free ZX diagrams, a graphical notation for representing and manipulating a certain class of linear maps on qubits, and Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes, a large family of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-05-02 Aleks Kissinger