相关论文: Energy from food
The relations connecting perturbations in acoustic and entropy modes in a gas affected by a constant mass force, are derived. The background temperature of a gas may vary in the direction of an external mass force. The relations are…
Neither of the two prevalent theories, namely thermodynamic stability and kinetic stability, provides a comprehensive understanding of protein folding. The thermodynamic theory is misleading because it assumes that free energy is the…
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a system situated in a sustained environment with influx and efflux is usually treated as a subsystem in a larger, closed "universe". It remains a question what the minimally required description for the…
What makes living things special is how they manage matter, energy, and entropy. A general theory of organismal metabolism should therefore be quantified in these three currencies while capturing the unique way they flow between individuals…
Intestinal apoptosis and expression of apoptosis inducers - the cytokines TNFalpha, TGFbeta1 - and the intestinal transcription factor Cdx2, were studied according to two different metabolic and hormonal phases which characterize long-term…
In the extended phase space, a general method is used to derive all the possible adiabatic processes for charged AdS black hole. Two kinds are found, one is zero temperature adiabatic process which is irreversible, the other is isochore…
One of the most widespread interpretations of the mass-energy equivalence establishes that not only can mass be transformed into energy (e.g., through nuclear fission, fusion, or annihilation) but that every type of energy also has mass…
Recent studies have revealed the complex structure of nerve signals in axons. Besides the electrical signal, mechanical and thermal effects are also detected in many experimental studies. In this paper, the mathematical models of heat…
A collisionless plasma possesses a certain amount of "available energy", which is that part of the thermal energy that can be converted into field energy. Here, a calculation is presented of the available energy carried by trapped electrons…
Natural protein molecules are exceptional polymers. Encoded in apparently random strings of amino-acids, these objects perform clear physical tasks that are rare to find by simple chance. Accurate folding, specific binding, powerful…
Molecular motors belonging to the kinesin and myosin super family hydrolyze ATP by cycling through a sequence of chemical states. These cytoplasmic motors are dimers made up of two linked identical monomeric globular proteins. Fueled by the…
Equations that govern the temperature-dependence of the rate constants, Gibbs energies,enthalpies, entropies and heat capacities of activation for folding and unfolding of spontaneously-folding fixed two-state systems have been derived…
We show that a protein can be trained to recognise multiple conformations, analogous to an associative memory, and provide capacity calculations based on energy fluctuations and information theory. Unlike the linear capacity of a Hopfield…
Non-adiabatic molecular phenomena, arising from the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, govern the fate of virtually all photo-physical and photochemical processes and limit the quantum efficiency of molecules and other…
Grains are widely assumed to be characterized by a single temperature -- derived either from the configurational entropy, or employing the kinetic theory. Yet granular media do have two temperatures, $T_g$ and $T$, pertaining to the grains…
Entropy might be a not well defined concept if the system can undergo transformations involving stationary nonequilibria. It might be analogous to the heat content (once called ``caloric'') in transformations that are not isochoric (i.e.…
An all-atom model of proteins is used to show that the same sequence of amino acids can have many alternative structures, that are very distant from, and that can be as stable as, the corresponding native structure. Such alternative…
One reason that free energy difference calculations are notoriously difficult in molecular systems is due to insufficient conformational overlap, or similarity, between the two states or systems of interest. The degree of overlap is…
We use a relationship between response and correlation function in nonequilibrium systems to establish a connection between the heat production and the deviations from the equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem. This scheme extends the…
Recent developments in statistical mechanics have allowed the estimation of equilibrium free energies from the statistics of work measurements during processes that drive the system out of equilibrium. Here a different class of processes is…