相关论文: Can collider bias fully explain the obesity parado…

Classical epidemiology has focused on the control of confounding but it is only recently that epidemiologists have started to focus on the bias produced by colliders. A collider for a certain pair of variables (e.g., an outcome Y and an…

Artificially sweetened beverages like Diet Coke are often considered better alternatives to sugary drinks, but the debate over their impact on health, particularly in relation to obesity, continues. Previous research has predominantly used…

Rapid increases in food supplies have reduced global hunger, while rising burdens of diet-related disease have made poor diet quality the leading cause of death and disability around the world. Today's "double burden" of undernourishment in…

Suppose, contrary to fact, in 1950, we had put the cohort of 18 year old non-smoking American men on a stringent mandatory diet that guaranteed that no one would ever weigh more than their baseline weight established at age 18. How would…

Obesity increases significantly cancer risk in various organs. Although this has been recognized for decades, the mechanism through which this happens has never been explained. Here, we show that the volumes of kidneys, pancreas, and liver…

Contradictory conclusions have been made about whether unarmed blacks are more likely to be shot by police than unarmed whites using the same data. The problem is that, by relying only on data of 'police encounters', there is the…

I show that the so-called causality paradox of time-dependent density functional theory arises from an incorrect formulation of the variational principle for the time evolution of the density. The correct formulation not only resolves the…

Non-communicable diseases like diabetes, obesity and certain forms of cancer have been increasing in many countries at alarming levels. A difficulty in the conception of policies to reverse these trends is the identification of the drivers…

This paper suggests that aging is influenced synthetically by pro-aging factors such as ROS and anti-aging factors such as protective responses. The anti-aging effect may be side effects of retrograde responses motivated against adverse…

Simpson's paradox and collapsibility are two closely related concepts in the context of data analysis. While the knowledge about the occurrence of Simpson's paradox helps a statistician to draw correct and meaningful conclusions, the…

Suppose we are interested in the effect of variable $X$ on variable $Y$. If $X$ and $Y$ both influence, or are associated with variables that influence, a common outcome, called a collider, then conditioning on the collider (or on a…

Collider bias occurs when conditioning on a common effect (collider) of two variables $X, Y$. In this manuscript, we quantify the collider bias in the estimated association between exposure $X$ and outcome $Y$ induced by selecting on one…

From a public health perspective, previous research on comorbidity tends to have focused on identifying the most prevalent groupings of illnesses that demonstrate comorbidity, particularly among the elderly population, already in receipt of…

Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation or abnormal distribution of body fat. According to data from World Obesity Atlas 2024, the increase in prevalence of obesity has become a major worldwide health problem in adults as well as…

The intuitive motivation for employing a sibling comparison design is to adjust for confounding that is constant within families. Such confounding can be caused by variables that otherwise might prove difficult to measure, for example…

Diabetes affects more than 425 million people worldwide, a scale approaching pandemic proportion. Diabetes represents a major risk factor for stroke, and therefore is actively addressed for stroke prevention. However, how diabetes affects…

Obesity is a chronic disease that can lead to an increased risk of other serious chronic diseases and even death. We present switching and time-delayed feedback-based model free control methods for the dynamic management of body mass and…

Given the growing prevalence of diabetes, there has been significant interest in determining how diabetes affects instrumental daily functions, like driving. Complication of glucose control in diabetes includes hypoglycemic and…

Purpose: Although elevated BMI is a well-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes, the disease's presence in some lean adults and absence in others with obesity suggests that detailed body composition may uncover abdominal phenotypes of type 2…

The twin paradox, which evokes from the the idea that two twins may age differently because of their relative motion, has been studied and explained ever since it was first described in 1906, the year after special relativity was invented.…