相关论文: Molecular kinetic analysis of a local equilibrium …
The Carnot engine sets an upper limit to the efficiency of a practical heat engine. An arbitrary irreversible engine is sometimes believed to behave closely as the Curzon-Ahlborn engine. Efficiency of the latter is obtained commonly by…
A steady self-diffusion process in a gas of hard spheres at equilibrium is analyzed. The system exhibits a constant gradient of labeled particles. Neither the concentration of these particles nor its gradient are assumed to be small. It is…
The paper presents a solution to the Boltzmann kinetic equation based on the construction of its discrete conservative model. Discrete analogue of the collision integral is presented as a contraction of a tensor, which is independent from…
A dynamical model of a highly efficient heat engine is proposed, where an applied temperature difference maintains the motion of particles around the circuit consisting of two asymmetric narrow channels, in one of which the current flows…
Maxwell's velocity distribution is known to be universally valid across systems and phases. Here we present a new and general derivation that uses the central limit theorem (CLT) of the probability theory. This essentially uses the idea…
In this work, it is suggested that the extremum complexity distribution of a high dimensional dynamical system can be interpreted as a piecewise uniform distribution in the phase space of its accessible states. When these distributions are…
Nonthermal velocity distributions with much greater tails than the Maxwellian have been observed for radical atoms in plasmas for a long time. Historically, such velocity distributions have been modeled by a two-temperature Maxwell…
A simplified version of a classical problem in thermodynamics -- the adiabatic piston -- is discussed in the framework of kinetic theory. We consider the limit of gases whose relaxation time is extremely fast so that the gases contained on…
We analytically derive maximum efficiency at given cooling power for Carnot-type low-dissipation refrigerators. The corresponding optimal cycle duration depends on a single parameter, which is a specific combination of irreversibility…
Thermodynamic gas power cycles achieving Carnot efficiency require isothermal expansion, which is associated with slow processes and results in negligible power output. This study proposes a practical method for rapid near-isothermal gas…
We consider a heavy piston in an infinite cylinder surrounded by ideal gases on both sides. The piston moves under elastic collisions with gas atoms. We assume here that the gases always exert equal pressures on the piston, hence the piston…
We examine numerically and analytically the problem of the relativistic velocity distribution in a 1-dim relativistic gas in thermal equilibrium. Our derivation is based on the special theory of relativity, the central limit theorem and the…
We develop a general method for calculating the thermal efficiency of arbitrary thermodynamic cycles defined in the pressure-volume ($p-V$) diagram. To demonstrate how effective our approach is, we calculate the thermal efficiency of ideal…
Theoretical analysis, which maps single molecule time trajectories of a molecular motor onto unicyclic Markov processes, allows us to evaluate the heat dissipated from the motor and to elucidate its dependence on the mean velocity and…
Ideal gases can be modeled by the Boltzmann equation from statistical physics. Instead of trying to track the position and velocity of a large number of gas molecules, it is possible to describe the particles with a particle distribution…
We use the framework of sample space reducing processes (SSR) as an alternative to Boltzmann equation based approaches, to derive the energy and velocity distribution functions of an inelastic gas in a box as an example for a dissipative,…
In relativistic kinetic theory, which underlies relativistic hydrodynamics, the molecular chaos hypothesis stands at the basis of the equilibrium Maxwell-Juttner probability distribution for the four-momentum $p^{\alpha}$. We investigate…
The dynamics of inelastic hard spheres is described in terms of the binary collision expansion, yielding the corresponding pseudo-Liouville equation and BBGKY hierarchy for the reduced distribution functions. Based on cluster expansion…
The kinetic theory of gases, including Granular Gases, is based on the Boltzmann equation. Many properties of the gas, from the characteristics of the velocity distribution function to the transport coefficients may be expressed in terms of…
We consider the single-particle velocity distribution of a one-dimensional fluid of inelastic particles. Both the freely evolving (cooling) system and the non-equilibrium stationary state obtained in the presence of random forcing are…