相关论文: Conservation of Charge and Conservation of Current

Electricity plays a special role in our lives and life. Equations of electron dynamics are nearly exact and apply from nuclear particles to stars. These Maxwell equations include a special term the displacement current (of vacuum).…

The law of mass action is used widely. The law of mass action does not automatically conserve current, as is clear from mathematics of a simple case, chosen to illustrate the issues. The law of mass action does not force a series of…

For each substance-like quantity, a theorem about its conservation or non-conservation can be formulated. For the electric charge e.g. it reads: Electric charge can neither be created nor destroyed. Such a statement is short and easy to…

Charges are everywhere because most atoms are charged. Chemical bonds are formed by electrons with their charge. Charges move and interact according to Maxwell's equations in space and in atoms where the equations of electrodynamics are…

It is shown that the traditional conservation laws for total charge, energy, linear and angular momentum, hold jointly in classical electron theory if and only if classical electron spin is included as dynamical degree of freedom.

A dielectric dilemma faces scientists because Maxwell's equations are poor approximations as usually written, with a single dielectric constant. Maxwell's equations are then not accurate enough to be useful in many applications involving…

The conservation laws for a class of nonlinear equations with variable coefficients on discrete and noncommutative spaces are derived. For discrete models the conserved charges are constructed explicitly. The applications of the general…

We investigate conservation laws in the quantum mechanics of closed systems. We review an argument showing that exact decoherence implies the exact conservation of quantities that commute with the Hamiltonian including the total energy and…

Though sufficient for local conservation of charge, Maxwells displacement current is not necessary. An alternative to the Ampere-Maxwell equation is exhibited and the alternatives electric and magnetic fields and scalar and vector…

The Bloch theorem is a general theorem restricting the persistent current associated with a conserved U(1) charge in a ground state or in a thermal equilibrium. It gives an upper bound of the magnitude of the current density, which is…

Conservation principles are essential to describe and quantify dynamical processes in all areas of physics. Classically, a conservation law holds because the description of reality can be considered independent of an observation…

Though sufficient for local conservation of charge, we show that Maxwells displacement current is not necessary. An alternative to the Ampere Maxwell equation is exhibited and the alternative s electric and magnetic fields and scalar and…

We analyze the laws of conservation of momentum and angular momentum in classical electrodynamics of material media with bound charges, and explore the possibility to describe the properties of such media via a discrete set of point-like…

We analyze a category of problems that is of interest in many physical situations, including those encountered in introductory physics classes: systems with two well-delineated parts that exchange energy, eventually reaching a shared…

In the work it has been shown that there are two types of the conservation laws. 1. The conservation laws that can be called exact ones. They point to an avalability of some conservative quantities or objects. Such objects are the physical…

In the presence of a nonlocal potential in molecular device systems, generally the charge conservation cannot be satisfied, and in literatures the modifications of the conventional definition of current were given to solve this problem. We…

If photon mass is not exactly zero, though arbitrary small, electric charge would not be conserved in interaction of charged particles with black holes. Manifestations of such mechanism of electric charge non-conservation are discussed.

Biochemists know that the law of mass action is not exact and not very useful because we cannot transfer it (with unchanged parameters) from one condition to another. I argue that exact equations require calibrated multiscale analysis to…

Electron conductivity is an important material property that can provide a wealth of information about the underlying system. Especially, the response of the conductivity with respect to electromagnetic fields corresponds to various…

We prove that a recently derived correlation equality between conserved charges and their associated conserved currents for quantum systems far from equilibrium [O.A. Castro-Alvaredo et al., Phys. Rev. X \textbf{6}, 041065 (2016)], is valid…