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In this short note it is shown that every graph of diameter 2 and minimum degree at least 3 contains a cycle of length 4 or 8. This result contributes to the study of the Erd\H{o}s-Gy\'arf\'as Conjecture by confirming it for the class of…

组合数学 · 数学 2026-02-02 Avery Carr

The chromatic number $\overrightarrow{\chi}(D)$ of a digraph $D$ is the minimum number of colors needed to color the vertices of $D$ such that each color class induces an acyclic subdigraph of $D$. A digraph $D$ is $k$-critical if…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-08-13 Jørgen Bang-Jensen , Thomas Bellitto , Michael Stiebitz , Thomas Schweser

From a generalization to $Z^n$ of the concept of congruence we define a family of regular digraphs or graphs called multidimensional circulants, which turn out to be Cayley (di)graphs of Abelian groups. This paper is mainly devoted to show…

组合数学 · 数学 2012-09-25 M. A. Fiol

The competition-common enemy graph (CCE graph) of a digraph $D$ is the graph with the vertex set $V(D)$ and an edge $uv$ if and only if $u$ and $v$ have a common predator and a common prey in $D$. If each vertex of a digraph $D$ has…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-05-24 Myungho Choi , Hojin Chu , Suh-Ryung Kim

Kuratowski's theorem says that the minimal (under subgraph containment) graphs that are not planar are the subdivisions of $K_5$ and of $K_{3,3}$. Here we study the minimal (under subdigraph containment) strongly-connected digraphs that are…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-03-11 Stephen Bartell , Paul Seymour

A $d$-distinguishing vertex (arc) labeling of a digraph is a vertex (arc) labeling using $d$ labels that is not preserved by any nontrivial automorphism. Let $\rho(T)$ ($\rho'(T)$) be the minimum size of a label class in a 2-distinguishing…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-07-19 Antoni Lozano

A proper edge coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,2,\dots,t$ is called a cyclic interval $t$-coloring if for each vertex $v$ of $G$ the edges incident to $v$ are colored by consecutive colors, under the condition that color $1$ is…

组合数学 · 数学 2017-11-15 Armen S. Asratian , Carl Johan Casselgren , Petros A. Petrosyan

We introduce the {\it endomorphism distinguishing number} $D_e(G)$ of a graph $G$ as the least cardinal $d$ such that $G$ has a vertex coloring with $d$ colors that is only preserved by the trivial endomorphism. This generalizes the notion…

组合数学 · 数学 2013-11-28 Wilfried Imrich , Rafał Kalinowski , Florian Lehner , Monika Pilśniak

An $acyclic$ edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that there are no bichromatic cycle s. The \emph{acyclic chromatic index} of a graph is the minimum number k such that there is an acyclic e dge coloring using k colors…

组合数学 · 数学 2008-01-14 Manu Basavaraju , L. Sunil Chandran

Given $k\ge3$ and $1\leq \ell< k$, an $(\ell,k)$-cycle is one in which consecutive edges, each of size $k$, overlap in exactly $\ell$ vertices. We study the smallest number of edges in $k$-uniform $n$-vertex hypergraphs which do not contain…

组合数学 · 数学 2023-03-13 Andrzej Ruciński , Andrzej Żak

Let $\cal H$ be a family of graphs. The Tur\'an number ${\rm ex}(n,{\cal H})$ is the maximum possible number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph which does not contain any member of $\cal H$ as a subgraph. As a common generalization of…

组合数学 · 数学 2024-12-13 Chunyang Dou , Bo Ning , Xing Peng

The defective chromatic number of a graph class $\mathcal{G}$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that for some integer $d$, every graph in $\mathcal{G}$ is $k$-colourable such that each monochromatic component has maximum degree at most $d$.…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-11-17 Marcin Briański , Robert Hickingbotham , David R. Wood

Introduced by Albertson et al. \cite{albertson}, the distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least integer $r$ such that there is a $r$-labeling of the vertices of $G$ that is not preserved by any nontrivial automorphism of $G$.…

组合数学 · 数学 2014-06-17 Sylvain Gravier , Kahina Meslem , Souad Slimani

We suggest two related conjectures dealing with the existence of spanning irregular subgraphs of graphs. The first asserts that any $d$-regular graph on $n$ vertices contains a spanning subgraph in which the number of vertices of each…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-08-09 Noga Alon , Fan Wei

External difference families (EDFs) are combinatorial objects which were introduced in the early 2000s, motivated by information security applications such as the construction of AMD codes. Various generalizations have since been defined…

组合数学 · 数学 2025-11-04 Sophie Huczynska , Christopher Jefferson , Struan McCartney

Given graphs $G, H_1, H_2$, we write $G \rightarrow ({H}_1, H_2)$ if every $\{$red, blue$\}$-coloring of the edges of $G$ contains a red copy of $H_1$ or a blue copy of $H_2$. A non-complete graph $G$ is $(H_1, H_2)$-co-critical if $G…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-05-05 Hunter Davenport , Zi-Xia Song , Fan Yang

We analyse an extremal question on the degrees of the link graphs of a finite regular graph, that is, the subgraphs induced by non-trivial spheres. We show that if $G$ is $d$-regular and connected but not complete then some link graph of…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-06-13 Itai Benjamini , John Haslegrave

The 1-2-3 Conjecture asks whether almost all graphs can be (edge-)labelled with $1,2,3$ so that no two adjacent vertices are incident to the same sum of labels. In the last decades, several aspects of this problem have been studied in…

组合数学 · 数学 2021-02-17 Julien Bensmail , Hervé Hocquard , Dimitri Lajou , Éric Sopena

In 2017, Qiao and Koolen showed that for any fixed integer $D\geq 3$, there are only finitely many such graphs with $\theta_{\min}\leq -\alpha k$, where $0<\alpha<1$ is any fixed number. In this paper, we will study non-bipartite…

组合数学 · 数学 2019-01-07 Zhi Qiao , Yifan Jing , Jack Koolen

A graph $G$ of order $n$ is said to be $k$-factor-critical for integers $1\leq k < n$, if the removal of any $k$ vertices results in a graph with a perfect matching. A $k$-factor-critical graph $G$ is called minimal if for any edge $e\in…

组合数学 · 数学 2022-11-08 Jing Guo , Heping Zhang