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Meadows have been proposed as alternatives for fields with a purely equational axiomatization. At the basis of meadows lies the decision to make the multiplicative inverse operation total by imposing that the multiplicative inverse of zero…
Let Q_0 denote the rational numbers expanded to a meadow by totalizing inversion such that 0^{-1}=0. Q_0 can be expanded by a total sign function s that extracts the sign of a rational number. In this paper we discuss an extension Q_0(s…
An inversive meadow is a commutative ring with identity equipped with a multiplicative inverse operation made total by choosing 0 as its value at 0. Previously, inversive meadows were shortly called meadows. A divisive meadow is an…
The rational, real and complex numbers with their standard operations, including division, are partial algebras specified by the axiomatic concept of a field. Since the class of fields cannot be defined by equations, the theory of…
Inversive meadows are commutative rings with a multiplicative identity element and a total multiplicative inverse operation whose value at 0 is 0. Divisive meadows are inversive meadows with the multiplicative inverse operation replaced by…
Meadows are alternatives for fields with a purely equational axiomatization. At the basis of meadows lies the decision to make the multiplicative inverse operation total by imposing that the multiplicative inverse of zero is zero. Divisive…
Let Q_0 denote the rational numbers expanded to a "meadow", that is, after taking its zero-totalized form (0^{-1}=0) as the preferred interpretation. In this paper we consider "cancellation meadows", i.e., meadows without proper zero…
Common meadows are commutative and associative algebraic structures with two operations (addition and multiplication) with additive and multiplicative identities and for which inverses are total. The inverse of zero is an error term…
Meadows are a sort of commutative rings with a multiplicative identity element and a total multiplicative inverse operation. In this paper we study algebraic properties of common meadows, which are meadows that introduce, as the inverse of…
A meadow is a commutative ring with a total inverse operator satisfying 0^{-1}=0. We show that the class of finite meadows is the closure of the class of Galois fields under finite products. As a corollary, we obtain a unique representation…
Common meadows are fields expanded with a total inverse function. Division by zero produces an additional value denoted with "a" that propagates through all operations of the meadow signature (this additional value can be interpreted as an…
A \emph{meadow} is a commutative ring with an inverse operator satisfying $0^{-1}=0$. We determine the initial algebra of the meadows of characteristic 0 and show that its word problem is decidable.
In the well-known construction of the field of fractions of an integral domain, division by zero is excluded. We introduce "fracpairs" as pairs subject to laws consistent with the use of the pair as a fraction, but do not exclude…
A meadow is a zero totalised field (0^{-1}=0), and a cancellation meadow is a meadow without proper zero divisors. In this paper we consider differential meadows, i.e., meadows equipped with differentiation operators. We give an equational…
We analyse abstract data types that model numerical structures with a concept of error. Specifically, we focus on arithmetic data types that contain an error value $\bot$ whose main purpose is to always return a value for division. To rings…
We introduce the notion of Artinian meadow as an algebraic structure constructed from an Artinian ring which is also a common meadow, i.e.\ a commutative and associative structure with two operations (addition and multiplication) with…
A skew meadow is a non-commutative ring with an inverse operator satisfying two special equations and in which the inverse of zero is zero. All skew fields and products of skew fields can be viewed as skew meadows. Conversely, we give an…
The multiplicative theory of a set of numbers (which could be natural, integer, rational, real or complex numbers) is the first-order theory of the structure of that set with (solely) the multiplication operation (that set is taken to be…
We investigate a notion of inverse for neutrices inspired by Van den Berg and Koudjeti's decomposition of a neutrix as the product of a real number and an idempotent neutrix. We end up with an algebraic structure that can be characterized…
A binary representation of complex rational numbers and their arithmetic is described that is not based on qubits. It takes account of the fact that $0s$ in a qubit string do not contribute to the value of a number. They serve only as place…