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A general hypergeometric construction of linear forms in (odd) zeta values is presented. The construction allows to recover the records of Rhin and Viola for the irrationality measures of $\zeta(2)$ and $\zeta(3)$, as well as to explain…

数论 · 数学 2007-05-23 Wadim Zudilin

In this small note, we provide an elementary proof of the fact that infinitely many odd zeta values are irrational. For the first time, this celebrated theorem been proven by Rivoal and Ball--Rivoal. The original proof uses highly…

数论 · 数学 2018-02-27 Johannes Sprang

This survey text deals with irrationality, and linear independence over the rationals, of values at positive odd integers of Riemann zeta function. The first section gives all known proofs (and connections between them) of Ap\'ery's Theorem…

数论 · 数学 2012-02-13 Stéphane Fischler

In this note, I develop step-by-step proofs of irrationality for $\,\zeta{(2)}\,$ and $\,\zeta{(3)}$. Though the proofs follow closely those based upon unit-square integrals proposed originally by Beukers, I introduce some modifications…

数论 · 数学 2026-04-10 F. M. S. Lima

Available proofs of result of the type 'at least one of the odd zeta values $\zeta(5),\zeta(7),\dots,\zeta(s)$ is irrational' make use of the saddle-point method or of linear independence criteria, or both. These two remarkable techniques…

数论 · 数学 2018-03-30 Wadim Zudilin

We present several results on the number of irrational and linear independent values among $\zeta(s),\zeta(s+2),...,\zeta(s+2n)$, where $s>2$ is an odd integer and $n>0$ is an integer. The main tool in our proofs is a certain generalization…

数论 · 数学 2015-06-26 Wadim Zudilin

In this note we evaluate multiple integrals that play a crucial role in the theory of irrationality of zeta function

综合数学 · 数学 2009-07-08 Nikos Bagis

In 1978, Apery has given sequences of rational approximations to $\zeta(2)$ and $\zeta(3)$ yielding the irrationality of each of these numbers. One of the key ingredient of Apery's proof are second-order difference equations with polynomial…

数论 · 数学 2007-05-23 Wadim Zudilin

In this article we shall survey some recent progress on the study of Ap\'ery-like sums which are multiple variable generalizations of the two sums Ap\'ery used in his famous proof of the irrationality of $\zeta(2)$ and $\zeta(3)$. We only…

数论 · 数学 2024-12-02 Ce Xu , Jianqiang Zhao

A general technique for proving the irrationality of the zeta constants $\zeta(s)$ for odd $s = 2n + 1 \geq 3$ from the known irrationality of the beta constants $L(2n+1)$ is developed in this note. The results on the irrationality of the…

综合数学 · 数学 2018-06-26 N. A. Carella

We revisit Beukers' modular-form proof of the irrationality of $\zeta(3)$ from the point of view of the auxiliary weight two modular form. For the Fricke group $\Gamma_0(6)^\star$, we show that Beukers' choice is not isolated: it belongs to…

数论 · 数学 2026-05-04 Cynthia Bortolotto , Lucas Oliveira

We analyse a certain family of cellular integrals, which are period integrals on the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_{0,8}$ of curves of genus zero with eight marked points, and give rise to simultaneous rational approximations to $\zeta(3)$ and…

数论 · 数学 2026-01-30 Francis Brown , Wadim Zudilin

There are only aleph-zero rational numbers, while there are 2 to the power aleph-zero real numbers. Hence the probability that a randomly chosen real number would be rational is 0. Yet proving rigorously that any specific, natural, real…

Roger Apery's seminal method for proving irrationality is "turned on its head" and taught to computers, enabling a one second redux of the original proof of zeta(3), and many new irrationality proofs of many new constants, alas, none of…

数论 · 数学 2014-05-20 Shalosh B. Ekhad , Doron Zeilberger

We show how one can use Hermite-Pad\'{e} approximation and little $q$-Jacobi polynomials to construct rational approximants for $\zeta_q(2)$. These numbers are $q$-analogues of the well known $\zeta(2)$. Here $q=\frac{1}{p}$, with $p$ an…

经典分析与常微分方程 · 数学 2015-05-13 Christophe Smet , Walter Van Assche

An important component of Ap\'ery's proof that $\zeta (3)$ is irrational involves representing $\zeta (3)$ as the limit of the quotient of two rational solutions to a three-term recurrence. We present various approaches to such Ap\'ery…

数论 · 数学 2020-11-09 Marc Chamberland , Armin Straub

Let $k\geq 1$ be a small fixed integer. The rational approximations $\left |p/q-\pi^{k} \right |>1/q^{\mu(\pi^k)}$ of the irrational number $\pi^{k}$ are bounded away from zero. A general result for the irrationality exponent $\mu(\pi^k)$…

综合数学 · 数学 2021-10-26 N. A. Carella

A simplification of Ap\'ery's proof of the irrationality of \zeta(3) is presented. The construction of approximations is motivated from the viewpoint of 2-dimensional recurrence relations which simplifies many of the details of the proof.…

数论 · 数学 2012-12-27 Krishnan Rajkumar

A famous theorem of Zudilin states that at least one of the Riemann zeta values $\zeta(5), \zeta(7), \zeta(9), \zeta(11)$ is irrational. In this paper, we establish the $p$-adic analogue of Zudilin's theorem. As a weaker form of our result,…

数论 · 数学 2025-05-30 Li Lai , Cezar Lupu , Johannes Sprang

New (infinitely many) rational approximants to \zeta(3) proving its irrationality are given. The recurrence relations for the numerator and denominator of these approximants as well as their continued fraction expansions are obtained. A…

经典分析与常微分方程 · 数学 2012-05-01 J. Arvesú , A. Soria-Lorente
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