相关论文: Transient and secular radioactive equilibrium revi…

Over recent years, a lot of progress has been achieved in understanding of the relationship between localization and transport of energy in essentially nonlinear oscillatory systems. In this paper we are going to demonstrate that the…

We define, as local quantities, the least energy and momentum allowed by quantum mechanics and special relativity for physical realizations of some classical lattice dynamics. These definitions depend on local rates of finite-state change.…

A general definition of the model-space effective interaction is given. The energy-independent effective hamiltonians derived in a time-independent way are classified systematically.

Estimating the effective energy, $E_\text{eff}$ of a stationary probability distribution is a challenge for non-equilibrium steady states. Its solution could offer a novel framework for describing and analyzing non-equilibrium systems. In…

The structure of the rate of variation of the atomic energy for an arbitrary stationary motion of the atom in interaction with a quantum electromagnetic field is investigated. Our main purpose is to rewrite the formalism in Ref. \cite{zz}…

A general definition of a clock is proposed, and the role of clocks in establishing temporal pre-conditions in quantum mechanical questions is critically discussed. The different status of clocks as used by theorists external to a system…

The operator of time formalism is applied to radioactive decay. It appears that the proposed approach offers better insight and understanding of the phenomena in a way that the decay exponential-law becomes the Boltzmann distribution in…

We first note that, at least in perturbation theory, there is a well-defined (subject to regularization) Lorentzian definition of the quantum effective action in both flat and curved space including (perturbative) gravity. The advantage of…

The transient response of a stationary state of a quantum particle in a step potential to an instantaneous change in the step height (a simplified model for a sudden bias switch in an electronic semiconductor device) is solved exactly by…

We use dynamic equations to derive a relation between correlation functions and response or relaxation functions in many-body systems. The relation is very general and holds both in equilibrium, when the usual fluctuation-dissipation…

Conversations about weather, environment, health, cuisine, and even politics, all involve the word "temperature". It was an attempt to understand the working of heat engines that gave the temperature a clear definition. In this Note we put…

A classical linear oscillator is treated in the small amplitude limit so that it will be approximately relativistic. The oscillator involves a charge particle in a linear potential in classical zero-point radiation. It is found that the…

I review the philosophical literature on the question of when two physical theories are equivalent. This includes a discussion of empirical equivalence, which is often taken to be necessary, and sometimes taken to be sufficient, for…

We define super-energy tensors for arbitrary physical fields, including the gravitational, electromagnetic and massless scalar fields. We also define super-super-energy tensors, and so on. All these tensors satisfy the so-called "Dominant…

The concept of work is basic for statistical thermodynamics. To gain a fuller understanding of work and its (quantum) features, it needs to be represented as an average of a fluctuating quantity. Here I focus on the work done between two…

We consider a recent proposal [1] to redefine the kilogram in terms of natural constants. In our opinion, the main objective of the redefinition should be to build such a version of the SI system in which the electric measurements are…

In this work a system of non-linear elliptic equations is considered, where the non-linear term is the sum of a quadratic form and a Sobolev sub-critical term. An extra assumption is introduced on the sub-critical term, which is minimal…

The intrinsic covariant 1-time description (rest-frame instant form) for N relativistic scalar particles is defined. The system of N charged scalar particles plus the electromagnetic field is described in this way: the study of its Dirac…

Current state-of-the-art frequency standards are passive optical atomic clocks where the frequency of an optical resonator is stabilized to a narrow atomic transition. Passive clocks have achieved unprecedented stabilities of 6.6 x 10--19…

A new definition of continuous-time equilibrium controls is introduced. As opposed to the standard definition, which involves a derivative-type operation, the new definition parallels how a discrete-time equilibrium is defined, and allows…