相关论文: Transient and secular radioactive equilibrium revi…
At the basis of most risk assessments aimed at determining the long-term trends in changes in the activity of radionuclides in the environment and thus exposure to ionizing radiation, various concepts of half-lives are used, particularly:…
Electrical networks, and physical systems in general, are known to satisfy a power balance equation which states that the rate of change of the energy in time equals the power at the port of the network minus the power dissipated. However,…
We give a physically compelling definition of the instantaneous reactive energy density associated with an arbitrary transient electromagnetic field in vacuum.
Proposed is system of consistent mathematical models describing physical laws of a system of energy emitting bodies in dynamics, relativity and nuclear physics. It is shown the use of developed models for the description of systems,…
The paper revisits the concepts of instantaneous active and reactive powers and provides a novel definition for basic circuit elements based on quantities utilized in classical mechanics, such as absolute and relative velocity, momentum…
Non equilibrium effective field theory is presented as an inhomogeneous field theory, using a formulation which is analogous to that of a gauge theory. This formulation underlines the importance of structural aspects of non-equilibrium,…
Systems out of equilibrium, in stationary as well as in nonstationary regimes, display a linear response to energy impulses simply expressed as the sum of two specific temporal correlation functions. There is a natural interpretation of…
Enhancing the radiative interaction between quantum electronic transitions is of general interest. There are two important properties of radiative interaction: the range and the strength. There has been a trade-off between the range and the…
It is required to calculate the stored reactive energy of an antenna in order to evaluate its Q factor. Although it has been investigated for a long time, some issues still need further clarifying. The main difficulty involved is that the…
Equilibrium rate theories play a crucial role in understanding rare, reactive events. However, they are inapplicable to a range of irreversible processes in systems driven far from thermodynamic equilibrium like active and biological…
In contrast to common opinion, it is shown that equilibrium constants determine the time-dependent behavior of particular ratios of concentrations for any system of reversible first-order reactions. Indeed, some special ratios actually…
The present review summarizes and assesses recent theoretical and experimental advances, with special emphasis on the effective interaction between charge-stabilized colloids, in the bulk or in confined geometries, and on the ambiguities of…
The conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium, local thermodynamic equilibrium, and statistical equilibrium are discussed in detail. The equations of statistical equilibrium and the supplementary equations are shown together with the…
In a satisficing equilibrium each agent $i$ plays one of her top $k_i$ actions in response to the actions of the other agents. Our concept unifies models of bounded rationality and yields predictions that differ from canonical solution…
An expression is derived for the classical free energy difference between two configurations of a system, in terms of an ensemble of finite-time measurements of the work performed in parametrically switching from one configuration to the…
The physical interpretation of the nonequilibrium corrections in the pressure tensor for radiation submitted to an energy flux obtained in some previous works is revisited. Such pressure tensor is shown to describe a moving equilibrium…
This review presents the effective temperature notion as defined from the deviations from the equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem in out of equilibrium systems with slow dynamics. The thermodynamic meaning of this quantity is…
Equilibrium thermodynamics describes the energy exchange of a body with its environment. Here, we describe the global energy exchange of an ideal gas in the Coutte flow in a thermodynamic-like manner. We derive a fundamental relation…
The dynamics of few two-level atoms interacting with one cavity mode is described in master equation formalism. Two different configurations are considered: a transient one with all atoms initially in the excited state and a stationary one…
The original canonical coherent states could be defined in several ways. As applications for other sets of coherent states arose, the rules of definition were correspondingly changed. Among such rule changes were a change of group and…