相关论文: Cosmological networks
We consider multidimensional gravity with a Lagrangian containing the Ricci tensor squared and the Kretschmann invariant. In a Kaluza-Klein approach with a single compact extra space of arbitrary dimension, with the aid of a slow-change…
Random networks are increasingly used to analyse complex transportation networks, such as airline routes, roads and rail networks. So far, this research has been focused on describing the properties of the networks with the help of random…
A model for growing networks is introduced, having as a main ingredient that new nodes are attached to the network through one existing node and then explore the network through the links of the visited nodes. From exact calculations of two…
Scale-free (SF) networks and small world networks have been found to occur in very diverse contexts. It is this striking universality which makes one look for widely applicable mechanisms which lead to the formation of such networks. In…
The co-authorship network of scientists represents a prototype of complex evolving networks. By mapping the electronic database containing all relevant journals in mathematics and neuro-science for an eight-year period (1991-98), we infer…
Cosmological models often contain scalar fields, which can acquire global nonzero expectation values that change with the comoving time. Among the possible consequences of these scalar-field backgrounds, an accelerated cosmological…
Trends change rapidly in today's world, prompting this key question: What is the mechanism behind the emergence of new trends? By representing real-world dynamic systems as complex networks, the emergence of new trends can be symbolized by…
Networks are a fundamental tool for understanding and modeling complex systems in physics, biology, neuroscience, engineering, and social science. Many networks are known to exhibit rich, lower-order connectivity patterns that can be…
Assuming that the first creatures of creation create a network, it is shown that how the network can be mapped to a topos discrete quantum manifold which is equipped with both the discrete calculus and the Alexandrov's algebra. We assign a…
Random graphs are a central element of the study of complex dynamical networks such as the internet, the brain, or socioeconomic phenomena. New methods to generate random graphs can spawn new applications and give insights into more…
Geometry of networks endowed with a causal structure is discussed using the conventional framework of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The popular growing network models appear as particular causal models. We focus on a class of tree…
Loop quantum cosmology is an application of recent developments for a non-perturbative and background independent quantization of gravity to a cosmological setting. Characteristic properties of the quantization such as discreteness of…
Existing information-theoretic frameworks based on maximum entropy network ensembles are not able to explain the emergence of heterogeneity in complex networks. Here, we fill this gap of knowledge by developing a classical framework for…
Networked structures arise in a wide array of different contexts such as technological and transportation infrastructures, social phenomena, and biological systems. These highly interconnected systems have recently been the focus of a great…
The in-degree and out-degree distributions of a growing network model are determined. The in-degree is the number of incoming links to a given node (and vice versa for out-degree. The network is built by (i) creation of new nodes which each…
Networked structure emerged from a wide range of fields such as biological systems, World Wide Web and technological infrastructure. A deeply insight into the topological complexity of these networks has been gained. Some works start to pay…
On small scales the observable Universe is highly inhomogeneous, with galaxies and clusters forming a complex web of voids and filaments. The optical properties of such configurations can be quite different from the perfectly smooth…
Cosmological observations are beginning to reach a level of precision that allow us to test some of the most fundamental assumptions in our working model of the Universe. One such an assumption is that gravity is governed by the General…
Flow networks are fundamental for understanding systems such as animal and plant vasculature or power distribution grids. These networks can encode, transmit, and transform information embodied in the spatial and temporal distribution of…
From an observational perspective cosmology is today in excellent shape - advances in instrumentation and data processing have enabled us to study the universe in detail back to when the first galaxies formed, map the fluctuations in the…