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In this note, Black--Scholes implied volatility is expressed in terms of various optimisation problems. From these representations, upper and lower bounds are derived which hold uniformly across moneyness and call price. Various symmetries…

The purpose of this paper is to construct the early exercise boundary for a class of nonlinear Black--Scholes equations with a nonlinear volatility depending on the option price. We review a method how to transform the problem into a…

This paper deals with an extension of the so-called Black-Scholes model in which the volatility is modeled by a linear combination of the components of the solution of a differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion of Hurst…

We analyze and calculate the early exercise boundary for a class of stationary generalized Black-Scholes equations in which the volatility function depends on the second derivative of the option price itself. A motivation for studying the…

We study general properties such as the solution representation of a moving boundary value problem of the Black-Scholes equation, its min-max estimation, lower and upper gradient estimates, and strict monotonicity with respect to the…

We investigate qualitative and quantitative behavior of a solution of the mathematical model for pricing American style of perpetual put options. We assume the option price is a solution to the stationary generalized Black-Scholes equation…

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compute the early exercise boundary for a class of nonlinear Black--Scholes equations with a nonlinear volatility which can be a function of the second derivative of the option price itself. A…

In this paper we investigate a nonlinear generalization of the Black-Scholes equation for pricing American style call options in which the volatility term may depend on the underlying asset price and the Gamma of the option. We propose a…

In this paper we analyze a nonlinear Black--Scholes model for option pricing under variable transaction costs. The diffusion coefficient of the nonlinear parabolic equation for the price $V$ is assumed to be a function of the underlying…

We propose a numerical procedure for computing the prices of European options, in which the underlying asset price is a Markovian strict local martingale. If the underlying process is a strict local martingale and the payoff is of linear…

It is well-known that the Black-Scholes formula has been derived under the assumption of constant volatility in stocks. In spite of evidence that this parameter is not constant, this formula is widely used by financial markets. This paper…

In this paper is investigated the pricing problem of options on bonds with credit risk based on analysis on two kinds of solving problems for the Black-Scholes equations. First, a solution representation of the Black-Scholes equation with…

Option contracts can be valued by using the Black-Scholes equation, a partial differential equation with initial conditions. An exact solution for European style options is known. The computation time and the error need to be minimized…

The main purpose of this article is to give a general overview and understanding of the first widely used option-pricing model, the Black-Scholes model. The history and context are presented, with the usefulness and implications in the…

We study specific nonlinear transformations of the Black-Scholes implied volatility to show remarkable properties of the volatility surface. Model-free bounds on the implied volatility skew are given. Pricing formulas for the European…

Black-Scholes (BS) is the standard mathematical model for option pricing in financial markets. Option prices are calculated using an analytical formula whose main inputs are strike (at which price to exercise) and volatility. The BS…

In financial mathematics, it is a typical approach to approximate financial markets operating in discrete time by continuous-time models such as the Black Scholes model. Fitting this model gives rise to difficulties due to the discrete…

Usually, in the Black-Scholes pricing theory the volatility is a positive real parameter. Here we explore what happens if it is allowed to be a complex number. The function for pricing a European option with a complex volatility has…

The purpose of this survey chapter is to present a transformation technique that can be used in analysis and numerical computation of the early exercise boundary for an American style of vanilla options that can be modelled by class of…

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of Asian option prices in the worst case scenario under an uncertain volatility model. We give a procedure to approximate the Asian option prices with a small volatility interval. By imposing…