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We present an algorithm that decomposes any $n$-qubit Clifford operator into a circuit consisting of three subcircuits containing only CNOT or CPHASE gates with layers of one-qubit gates before and after each of these subcircuits. As with…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-10-18 Timothy Proctor , Kevin Young

We consider quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates. In this context the T gate has a special status since it confers universal computation when added to the (classically simulable) Clifford gates. However it can be very expensive…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-08-21 David Gosset , Vadym Kliuchnikov , Michele Mosca , Vincent Russo

We present two classical algorithms for the simulation of universal quantum circuits on $n$ qubits constructed from $c$ instances of Clifford gates and $t$ arbitrary-angle $Z$-rotation gates such as $T$ gates. Our algorithms complement each…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-06-27 Hakop Pashayan , Oliver Reardon-Smith , Kamil Korzekwa , Stephen D. Bartlett

Efficiently implementing Clifford circuits is crucial for quantum error correction and quantum algorithms. Linear reversible circuits, equivalent to circuits composed of CNOT gates, have important applications in classical computing. In…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-20 Mark Webster , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Dan E Browne

We present an algorithm for the approximate decomposition of diagonal operators, focusing specifically on decompositions over the Clifford+$T$ basis, that minimize the number of phase-rotation gates in the synthesized approximation circuit.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-06-13 Jonathan Welch , Alex Bocharov , Krysta M. Svore

Arithmetic operations are an important component of many quantum algorithms. As such, coming up with optimized quantum circuits for these operations leads to more efficient implementations of the corresponding algorithms. In this paper, we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-20 Priyanka Mukhopadhyay , Alexandru Gheorghiu , Hari Krovi

We prove that a unitary matrix has an exact representation over the Clifford+T gate set with local ancillas if and only if its entries are in the ring Z[1/sqrt(2),i]. Moreover, we show that one ancilla always suffices. These facts were…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-04-03 Brett Giles , Peter Selinger

We developed a general framework for synthesizing target gates by using a finite set of basic gates, which is a crucial step in quantum compilation. When approximating a gate in SU($n$), a naive brute-force search requires a computational…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-10 Soichiro Yamazaki , Seiseki Akibue

Since an n-qubit circuit consisting of CNOT gates can have up to $\Omega(n^2/\log{n})$ CNOT gates, it is natural to expect that $\Omega(n^2/\log{n})$ Toffoli gates are needed to apply a controlled version of such a circuit. We show that the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-01 Isaac H. Kim , Tuomas Laakkonen

We introduce magic-augmented Clifford circuits -- architectures in which Clifford circuits are preceded and/or followed by constant-depth circuits of non-Clifford (``magic") gates -- as a resource-efficient way to realize approximate…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-09 Yuzhen Zhang , Sagar Vijay , Yingfei Gu , Yimu Bao

When designing quantum circuits for a given unitary, it can be much cheaper to achieve a good approximation on most inputs than on all inputs. In this work we formalize this idea, and propose that such "optimistic quantum circuits" are…

How many T gates are needed to approximate an arbitrary $n$-qubit quantum state to within error $\varepsilon$? Improving prior work of Low, Kliuchnikov, and Schaeffer, we show that the optimal asymptotic scaling is…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-13 David Gosset , Robin Kothari , Kewen Wu

We consider quantum circuits composed of single-qubit operations and global entangling gates generated by Ising-type Hamiltonians. It is shown that such circuits can implement a large class of unitary operators commonly used in quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-12-02 Sergey Bravyi , Dmitri Maslov , Yunseong Nam

The Clifford group is a finite subgroup of the unitary group generated by the Hadamard, the CNOT, and the Phase gates. This group plays a prominent role in quantum error correction, randomized benchmarking protocols, and the study of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-11-17 Sergey Bravyi , Ruslan Shaydulin , Shaohan Hu , Dmitri Maslov

We investigate quantum circuits built from arbitrary single-qubit operations combined with programmable all-to-all multiqubit entangling gates that are native to, among other systems, trapped-ion quantum computing platforms. We report a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-24 Jonathan Nemirovsky , Lee Peleg , Amit Ben Kish , Yotam Shapira

Many quantum information protocols require the implementation of random unitaries. Because it takes exponential resources to produce Haar-random unitaries drawn from the full $n$-qubit group, one often resorts to $t$-designs. Unitary…

One of the primary objectives in the field of quantum state learning is to develop algorithms that are time-efficient for learning states generated from quantum circuits. Earlier investigations have demonstrated time-efficient algorithms…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-02-14 Nai-Hui Chia , Ching-Yi Lai , Han-Hsuan Lin

This pedagogical review presents the proof of the Solovay-Kitaev theorem in the form of an efficient classical algorithm for compiling an arbitrary single-qubit gate into a sequence of gates from a fixed and finite set. The algorithm can be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Christopher M. Dawson , Michael A. Nielsen

For a number of useful quantum circuits, qudit constructions have been found which reduce resource requirements compared to the best known or best possible qubit construction. However, many of the necessary qutrit gates in these…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-09-05 Lia Yeh , John van de Wetering

We present a simple algorithm that implements an arbitrary $n$-qubit unitary operator using a Clifford+T circuit with T-count $O(2^{4n/3} n^{2/3})$. This improves upon the previous best known upper bound of $O(2^{3n/2} n)$, while the best…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-01 Xinyu Tan