相关论文: The P versus NP Brief

Hypothesis testing results often rely on simple, yet important assumptions about the behaviour of the distribution of p-values under the null and the alternative. We examine tests for one dimensional parameters of interest that converge to…

This paper talks about difference between P and NP by using topological space that mean resolution principle. I pay attention to restrictions of antecedent and consequent in resolution, and show what kind of influence the restrictions have…

The status of the solar neutrino problem is reviewed. Attempts to explain the observed deficit and spectral distortion, both by astrophysical and particle physics methods, are described. It is argued that the comparison of all experiments…

Physical laws are a set of rules in the relationship between observations made by the experimenter. All these observations are made through a mechanism that links the external world to the experimenter's awareness, a mechanism which is not…

$P \overset{\text{?}}{=} NP$ or $P\ vs\ NP$ is the core problem in computational complexity theory. In this paper, we proposed a definition of linear correlation of derived matrix and system, and discussed the linear correlation of $P$ and…

An interesting line of research in natural language processing (NLP) aims to incorporate linguistic typology to bridge linguistic diversity and assist the research of low-resource languages. While most works construct linguistic similarity…

The complexity class NP of decision problems that can be solved nondeterministically in polynomial time is of great theoretical and practical importance where the notion of polynomial-time reductions between NP-problems is a key concept for…

A short proof of the classic Hardy inequality is presented for $p$-norms with $p>1$. Along the lines of this proof a sharpened version is proved of a recent generalization of Hardy's inequality in the terminology of probability theory. A…

We present a propositional logic to reason about the uncertainty of events, where the uncertainty is modeled by a set of probability measures assigning an interval of probability to each event. We give a sound and complete axiomatization…

Some inequalities for different types of convexity are established.

A brief account of some recent controversies about the teaching and learning of physics is presented. A shorter version of this outcome was accepted by The Physics Teacher, but publication is still pending.

We derive new upper and lower bounds for probabilities that $r$ or at least $r$ from $n$ events occur. These bounds can turn to equalities. The method is discussed as well. It works for measurable space and measures with sign, too. We also…

We show that some mathematical results and their negations are both deducible. The derived contradictions indicate the inconsistency of current mathematics. This paper is an updated version of arXiv:math/0606635v3 with additional results…

Contrary to popular misconception, the question in the title is far from simple. It involves sets of numbers on the first level, sets of sets of numbers on the second level, and so on, endlessly. The infinite hierarchy of the levels…

The definition of the conditional probability is very important in the theory of the probability. This definition is based on the fact, that random events can be simultaneously measurable. This paper deal with the problem of conditioning…

The distinction between proper and improper mixtures is a staple of the discussion of foundational questions in quantum mechanics. Here we note an analogous distinction in the context of the theory of entanglement. The terminology of…

The usual concept of shape invariance is discussed and one extension of this concept is suggested.

With the rise of increasingly powerful and user-facing NLP systems, there is growing interest in assessing whether they have a good representation of uncertainty by evaluating the quality of their predictive distribution over outcomes. We…

The purpose of this white paper is to describe how unfair power dynamics related to various aspects of identity -- race, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, and ability status -- operate in physics settings and offer…

This paper argues that an interlingual representation must explicitly represent some parts of the meaning of a situation as possibilities (or preferences), not as necessary or definite components of meaning (or constraints). Possibilities…