相关论文: The P versus NP Brief
We discuss the possibility of making the {\it initial} definitions of mutually different (possibly interacting, or even entangled) systems in the context of decoherence theory. We point out relativity of the concept of elementary physical…
The near universal condemnation of proxy discrimination hides a disagreement over what it is. This work surveys various notions of proxy and proxy discrimination found in prior work and represents them in a common framework. These notions…
We introduce a formal distinction between contradictions and disagreements in natural language texts, motivated by the need to formally reason about contradictory medical guidelines. This is a novel and potentially very useful distinction,…
Using as the working hypothesis of an evaluation of the difference between primes $p_{n+1} - p_n = O(\sqrt{p_n})$ we represent in detail the proofs of Legendre's and Oppermann's conjectures.
Some examples are easier for humans to classify than others. The same should be true for deep neural networks (DNNs). We use the term example perplexity to refer to the level of difficulty of classifying an example. In this paper, we…
Opportunities, such as access to education or family background, shape income inequality by influencing the chances of economic success. Unequal opportunities create uncertainty about whether success is merit- or luck-based. We examine how…
Let \psi(x) be a polynomial with rational coefficients. Suppose that \psi has the positive leading coefficient and zero constant term. Let A be a set of positive integers with the positive upper density. Then there exist x,y\in A and a…
In this paper, we define an ordering relation for a set of complex numbers, and research the properties and theorems of the ordering, solve some simple complex inequalities with the ordering.
This short note outlines some of the issues in Czerwinski's paper [Cze23] claiming that NP-hard problems are not in BQP. We outline one major issue and two minor issues, and conclude that their paper does not establish what they claim it…
In this paper, we pose many challenging conjectures on congruences involving binomial coefficients and Ap\'ery-like numbers.
Sometimes we obtain attractive results when associating facts to simple elements. The goal of this work is to introduce a possible alternative in the study of the dynamics of rational maps.
The CMI Millennium "P vs NP Problem" can be resolved e.g. if one shows at least one counterexample to the conjecture "P is equal to NP". A certain class of problems being such counterexamples is formulated. This implies the rejection of the…
Paradoxes are a very frequent phenomenon in processes of thought which strive towards the intelectual and cognitive shifts. They occur in all areas of human spiritual activites. What we are interested here in, are the paradoxes in physics.…
A attempt at a quantum algorithm for solving NP problems is presented. Now withdrawn because some crucial operators were not unitary.
The notions of potential infinity (understood as expressing a direction) and actual infinity (expressing a quantity) are investigated. It is shown that the notion of actual infinity is inconsistent, because the set of all (finite) natural…
We note a discrepancy between the value of R expected on the basis of the muon neutrino angular distribution and the value actually observed. The energy independence of $R$ leads to a fine tuning problem. This may be indicative of some…
The relationship between the complexity classes P and NP is an unsolved question in the field of theoretical computer science. In this paper, we look at the link between the P - NP question and the "Deterministic" versus "Non Deterministic"…
As Physics did in previous centuries, there is currently a common dream of extracting generic laws of nature in economics, sociology, neuroscience, by focalising the description of phenomena to a minimal set of variables and parameters,…
The paper discusses the fundamental characteristics distinguishing the natural and social systems from each other. It considers in detail the basic approaches, prospects, and possibilities of constructing mathematical description for social…
Increased availability of data and accessibility of computational tools in recent years have created unprecedented opportunities for scientific research driven by statistical analysis. Inherent limitations of statistics impose constrains on…