相关论文: The P versus NP Brief
Pedestrian route choice is a complex, situation- and population-dependent issue. In this contribution an example is presented, where pedestrians can choose among two seemingly similar alternatives. The choice ratio is not even close to…
We establish bounds on the probability that two different agents, who share an initial opinion expressed as a probability distribution on an abstract probability space, given two different sources of information, may come to radically…
The expression for entropy sometimes appears mysterious - as it often is asserted without justification. This short manuscript contains a discussion of the underlying assumptions behind entropy as well as simple derivation of this…
Some basic sociophysical notions are described by a physicist, tentatively for a sociologically-oriented reader.
In my opinion, nothing useful has ever been written on the question in the title, and small is the contribution that I have to offer. I outline an explanation for why there is something rather than nothing, an explanation which, however, I…
Socio-economic inequalities are manifested in different aspects of our social life. We discuss various aspects, beginning with the evolutionary and historical origins, and discussing the major issues from the social and economic point of…
In this paper we generalize the DP framework to a relative DP framework, where a so called split is possible.
There are several notions of duality between lines and points. In this note, it is shown that all these can be studied in a unified way. Most interesting properties are independent of specific choices. It is also shown that either dual…
Prediction is a complex notion, and different predictors (such as people, computer programs, and probabilistic theories) can pursue very different goals. In this paper I will review some popular kinds of prediction and argue that the theory…
We analyze the inequality $\sqrt{P_{k+1}}-\sqrt{P_{k}}<1,\ k\in\mathbb{N}$, discuss the existence of primes on arbitrary intervals $(r,s),\ r<s,\ r,s\in\mathbb{R}$, and finally address the issue of primes between squares of naturals.
This position paper presents a comparative study of co-occurrences. Some similarities and differences in the definition exist depending on the research domain (e.g. linguistics, NLP, computer science). This paper discusses these points, and…
A variety of physical unknowables are discussed. Provable lack of physical omniscience, omnipredictability and omnipotence is derived by reduction to problems which are known to be recursively unsolvable. "Chaotic" symbolic dynamical…
Complexity theory as practiced by physicists and computational complexity theory as practiced by computer scientists both characterize how difficult it is to solve complex problems. Here it is shown that the parameters of a specific model…
The apparent failure of individual probabilistic expressions to distinguish uncertainty about truths from uncertainty about probabilistic assessments have prompted researchers to seek formalisms where the two types of uncertainties are…
A distinction has been drawn in fair machine learning research between `group' and `individual' fairness measures. Many technical research papers assume that both are important, but conflicting, and propose ways to minimise the trade-offs…
This paper considers the question of P = NP in context of the polynomial time SAT algorithm. It posits proposition dependent on existence of conjectured problem that even where the algorithm is shown to solve SAT in polynomial time it…
I describe three geometric approaches to resolving variants of P v. NP, present several results that illustrate the role of group actions in complexity theory, and make a first step towards completely geometric definitions of complexity…
While P-values are widely abused, they are a useful tool for many purposes; banning them is analogous to banning scalpels because most people do not know how to perform surgery. Many reported P-values are not genuine P-values, for a variety…
The relations between Bell's inequality and quantum probability trees are explained against the background offered by the concept of a quantum probability tree built in others works. It is shown that f we use a concept of probability tree…
Herein we present one hundred inequalities culled from various corners of the probability, statistics, and combinatorics literature. We welcome new suggestions.