相关论文: Gauge invariance in fractional field theories
Second-order tensor perturbations induced by primordial fluctuations play a crucial role in probing small-scale physics, but gauge dependence of their energy density has remained a fundamental challenge in cosmological perturbation theory.…
The Schr\"odinger-like equations for the marginal and conditional probability amplitudes resulting from the exact factorization of the wavefunction of a two-component system are derived in a form that is invariant to gauge and coordinate…
Although local Hamiltonians exhibit local time dynamics, this locality is not explicit in the Schr\"{o}dinger picture in the sense that the wavefunction amplitudes do not obey a local equation of motion. We show that geometric locality can…
A possibility to represent the standard model of fundamental particles covariant derivatives by means of approximate generalized fractional Riemann-Liouville derivatives of multifractal time and space model is shown.
The transformation of the partial fractional derivatives under spatial rotation in $R^2$ are derived for the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo definitions. These transformation properties link the observation of physical quantities, expressed…
We clarify the role of gauge invariance for the computation of quantum non-Gaussian correlators in inflation. A gauge invariant generating functional for n-point functions is given and the special status of the spatially flat gauge is…
Invariant conditions for conformable fractional problems of the calculus of variations under the presence of external forces in the dynamics are studied. Depending on the type of transformations considered, different necessary conditions of…
By fractional relativity we mean a theoretical framework to study physics with the dispersion relation $E^{\alpha}=m^{\alpha}c^{2\alpha}+p^{\alpha}c^{\alpha}$, which recovers special relativity at $\alpha=2$. One such framework is…
We argue that a spontaneous breakdown of local Weyl invariance offers a mechanism in which gravitational interactions contribute to the generation of particle masses and their electric charge. The theory is formulated in terms of a…
We extend the second Noether theorem to fractional variational problems which are invariant under infinitesimal transformations that depend upon $r$ arbitrary functions and their fractional derivatives in the sense of Caputo. Our main…
This paper undertakes a study of the nature of the force associated with the local U (1) gauge symmetry of a non-relativistic quantum particle. To ensure invariance under local U (1) symmetry, a matter field must couple to a gauge field. We…
We pick up a method originally developed by Cheng and Tsai for vacuum perturbation theory which allows to test the consistency of different sets of Feynman rules on a purely diagrammatic level, making explicit loop calculations superfluous.…
Gauge invariance was discovered in the development of classical electromagnetism and was required when the latter was formulated in terms of the scalar and vector potentials. It is now considered to be a fundamental principle of nature,…
The issue of space time gauge invariance for the bosonic string has been earlier addressed using the loop variable formalism. In this paper the question of obtaining a gauge invariant action for the open bosonic string is discussed. The…
The issue of the gauge invariance of gravitational waves arises if they are produced in the early universe at second-order in perturbation theory. We address it by dividing the discussion about the gauge invariance in three parts: the…
Any metric theory of gravity whose interaction with quantum particles is described by a covariant wave equation is equivalent to a vector theory that satisfies Maxwell-type equations identically. This result does not depend on any…
A gauge invariant partition function is defined for gauge theories which leads to the standard quantization. It is shown that the descent equations and consequently the consistent anomalies and Schwinger terms can be extracted from this…
We discuss theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the use of boson propagators with energy-dependent widths in predictions for high-energy scattering processes. In general, gauge invariance is violated in such calculations. We discuss…
The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from…
Gauge-invariance is a mathematical concept that has profound implications in Physics---as it provides the justification of the fundamental interactions. It was recently adapted to the Cellular Automaton (CA) framework, in a restricted case.…