相关论文: Gauge invariance in fractional field theories

Variational (Rayleigh-Ritz) methods are applied to local quantum field theory. For scalar theories the wave functional is parametrized in the form of a superposition of Gaussians and the expectation value of the Hamiltonian is expressed in…

We give a simplified and more complete description of the loop variable approach for writing down gauge invariant equations of motion for the fields of the open string. A simple proof of gauge invariance to all orders is given. In terms of…

The problem of gauge invariance in an ultraviolet complete quantum field theory (QFT) with nonlocal interactions is investigated. For local fields that couple through a nonlocal interaction, it is demonstrated that the quantum…

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gauge symmetry of classical field theories in integral formalism. A gauge invariant theory is defined in terms of the invariance of the physical observables under the coordinate…

In this thesis quantum gauge theories are considered in the framework of local, causal perturbation theory. Gauge invariance is described in terms of the BRS formalism. Local interacting field operators are constructed perturbatively and…

In this paper we establish a fractional generalization of Einstein field equations based on the Riemann-Liouville fractional generalization of the ordinary differential operator $\partial_\mu$. We show some elementary properties and prove…

The fundamental interactions of nature, the electroweak and the quantum chromodynamics, are described in the Standard Model by the Gauge Theory under internal symmetries that maintain the invariance of the functional action. The fundamental…

It is shown that gauge theories are most naturally studied via a polar decomposition of the field variable. Gauge transformations may be viewed as those that leave the density invariant but change the phase variable by additive amounts. The…

It is shown that the idea of ``minimal'' coupling to gauge fields can be conveniently implemented in the proper time formalism by identifying the equivalent of a ``covariant derivative''. This captures some of the geometric notion of the…

Fractional variational approach has gained much attention in recent years. There are famous fractional derivatives such as Caputo derivative, Riesz derivative and Riemann-Liouville derivative. Several versions of fractional variational…

The local phase-invariance of the momentum-space Schr\"odinger equation for free-particle has been used to construct quantum kinematics that describes a motion of the particle in external U(1) background gauge field. The gauge structure…

Causal fermion systems incorporate local gauge symmetry in the sense that the Lagrangian and all inherent structures are invariant under local phase transformations of the physical wave functions. In the present paper it is explained and…

We consider perturbative quantum field theory in the causal framework. Gauge invariance is, in this framework, an identity involving chronological products of the interaction Lagrangian; it express the fact that the scattering matrix must…

Based on the requirement of covariance, we propose a new approach for generalizing fractional calculus in multi-dimensional space. As a first application we calculate an approximation for the ground state energy of the fractional…

The question of gauge-covariance in the non-Abelian gauge-field formulation of two space-dimensional systems with spin-orbit coupling relevant to spintronics is investigated. Although, these are generally gauge-fixed models, it is found…

Interactions of gauge-invariant systems are severely constrained by several consistency requirements. One is the preservation of the number of gauge symmetries, another is causal propagation. For lower-spin fields, the emphasis is usually…

A method for incorporating electromagnetic fields into empirical tight-binding theory is derived from the principle of local gauge symmetry. Gauge invariance is shown to be incompatible with empirical tight-binding theory unless a…

This paper presents the Euler-Lagrange equations for fractional variational problems with multiple integrals. The fractional Noether-type theorem for conservative and nonconservative generalized physical systems is proved. Our approach uses…

We prove Noether-type theorems for fractional isoperimetric variational problems with Riemann-Liouville derivatives. Both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations are obtained. Illustrative examples, in the fractional context of the calculus…

A gauge-independent approach to resonant transition amplitudes with nonconserved external currents is presented, which is implemented by the pinch technique. The analytic expressions derived with this method are $U(1)_{em}$ invariant,…