相关论文: On the Clausius theorem

The Fluctuation Theorems are a group of exact relations that remain valid irrespective of how far the system has been driven away from equilibrium. Other than having practical applications, like determination of equilibrium free energy…

Given a thermodynamic process which carries a system from one equilibrium state to another, we construct a quantity whose average, over an ensemble of microscopic realizations of the process, depends only on these end states, even if at…

I argue that if a special science satisfies certain key assumptions that are familiar from physicalist accounts of the special sciences and from physics, then its causal regularities have an associated notion of entropy, and that this…

In this work we consider the universal crossover behavior of two non-equilibrium systems exhibiting a continuous phase transition. Focusing on the field driven crossover from mean-field to non-mean-field scaling behavior we show that the…

An explicit proof is developed to reinforce the accuracy of the quantum adiabatic theorem in its original form without any inconsistency and/or violation. Based on this proof, we discuss physical implications that give rise to the violation…

Using the CLEO II detector we have performed the first search for $CP$ violation in tau lepton decay. CP violation in lepton decay does not occur in the minimal standard model but can occur in extensions such as the multi-Higgs doublet…

The possibility of observing violations of temporal Bell inequalities, originally proposed by Leggett as a mean of testing the quantum mechanical delocalization of suitably chosen macroscopic bodies, is discussed by taking into account the…

We consider a macroscopic quantum system in a tilted double-well potential. By solving Hamiltonian equation, we obtain tunneling probabilities which contain oscillation effects. To show how one can decide between quantum mechanics and the…

In this lecture I review the present status of CP violation in the Standard Model and some of its extensions and discuss ways to distinguish different models. Contents 1. Introduction 2. CP violation in the Standard Model 3. Test the…

Entanglement and its consequences - in particular the violation of Bell inequalities, which defies our concepts of realism and locality - have been proven to play key roles in Nature by many experiments for various quantum systems.…

Isoenergetic thermalization amongst $n$ bodies is a well-known irreversible process, bringing the bodies to a common temperature $T_F$ and leading to a rise in the total entropy of the bodies. We express this change in entropy using the…

We study the relation between distillability of multipartite states and violation of Bell's inequality. We prove that there exist multipartite bound entangled states (i.e. non-separable, non-distillable states) that violate a multipartite…

A recent experiment reported the first violation of a Bell correlation witness in a many-body system [Science 352, 441 (2016)]. Following discussions in this paper, we address here the question of the statistics required to witness Bell…

This paper provides a new unified framework for second-moment stability of discrete-time linear systems with stochastic dynamics. Relations of notions of second-moment stability are studied for the systems with general stochastic dynamics,…

In this paper we discuss mechanical systems with inequality constraints. We demonstrate how such constraints can be taken into account by proper modification of the action which describes the original unconstrained dynamics. To illustrate…

We present a simple biophysical example that invalidates the main conclusion of "Nat. Commun. 10, 3542 (2019)". Moreover, we explain that systems with one or more hidden states between at least one pair of observed states that give rise to…

We study the pattern of activated trajectories in a double well system without detailed balance, in the weak noise limit. The pattern may contain cusps and other singular features, which are similar to the caustics of geometrical optics.…

In the course of computer modeling of the most probable stationary macrostates of non-ergodic closed systems, a forecast was obtained about the existence of limits of applicability of the basic axiomatic postulate of statistical physics,…

We discuss the possibility to generate in Coulomb-blockade systems steady states that violate detailed balance. This includes both voltage biased and non-biased scenarios. The violation of detailed balance yields that the charge-transfer…

We present a general geometrical approach to the problem of escape from a metastable state in the presence of noise. The accompanying analysis leads to a simple condition, based on the norm of the drift field, for determining whether…