相关论文: Black hole entropy, curved space and monsters

Entropy of all systems that we understand well is proportional to their volumes except for black holes given by their horizon area. This makes the microstates of any quantum theory of gravity drastically different from the ordinary matter.…

We construct an infinite family of microstates for black holes in Minkowski spacetime which have effective semiclassical descriptions in terms of collapsing dust shells in the black hole interior. Quantum mechanical wormholes cause these…

Although we have convincing evidence that a black hole bears an entropy proportional to its surface (horizon) area, the ``statistical mechanical'' explanation of this entropy remains unknown. Two basic questions in this connection are: what…

We introduce a 'quasi-topological` term [1] in D=1+1 dimensions and the entropy for black holes is calculated [2]. The source of entropy in this case is justified by a non-null stress-energy tensor.

We attempt to provide a mesoscopic treatment of the origin of black hole entropy in (3+1)-dimensional spacetimes. We ascribe this entropy to the non-trivial topology of the space-like sections $\Sigma$ of the horizon. This is not forbidden…

Vast amounts of entropy are produced in black hole formation, and the amount of entropy stored in supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies is now much greater than the entropy free in the rest of the universe. Either mergers…

If one surrounds a black hole with a perfectly reflecting shell and adiabatically squeezes the shell inward, one can increase the black hole area A to exceed four times the total entropy S, which stays fixed during the process. A can be…

One can increase one-quarter the area of a black hole, A/4, to exceed the total thermodynamic entropy, S, by surrounding the hole with a perfectly reflecting shell and adiabatically squeezing it inward. A/4 can be made to exceed S by a…

One of the remarkable features of black holes is that they possess a thermodynamic description, even though they do not appear to be statistical systems. We use self-gravitating magnetic monopole solutions as tools for understanding the…

Black hole entropy is shown to be a consequence of restricting our description of physics to the exterior of black holes. This precludes the need for a statistical mechanical description of this entropy in terms of microstates.

The entropy of a black hole can be obtained by counting states in loop quantum gravity. The dominant term depends on the Immirzi parameter involved in the quantization and is proportional to the area of the horizon, while there is a…

If two particles collide in the vicinity of a black hole horizon, their center of mass energy is practically unlimited, so another black hole with a large mass and thus entropy can be created. The resulting black hole can then merge with…

We construct an infinite family of microstates with geometric interiors for eternal black holes in general relativity with negative cosmological constant in any dimension. Wormholes in the Euclidean path integral for gravity cause these…

In gravitational thermodynamics, the origin of a black hole's entropy is the topology of its instanton or constrained instanton. We prove that the entropy of an arbitrary nonrotating black hole is one quarter the sum of the products of the…

We consider a possibility that the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole has two different interpretations: The black hole entropy can be understood either as an outcome of a huge degeneracy in the mass eigenstates of the hole, or as a…

The quasi-local notion of an isolated horizon is employed to study the entropy of black holes without any particular symmetry in loop quantum gravity. The idea of characterizing the shape of a horizon by a sequence of local areas is…

Carlip has shown that the entropy of the three-dimensional black hole has its origin in the statistical mechanics of microscopic states living at the horizon. Beginning with a certain orthonormal frame action, and applying similar methods,…

We review the construction of monsters in classical general relativity. Monsters have finite ADM mass and surface area, but potentially unbounded entropy. From the curved space perspective they are objects with large proper volume that can…

Supermassive Black Holes are the most entropic objects found in the universe. The Holographic Bound (HB) to the entropy is used to constrain their formation time with initial masses $\sim{10}^{6-8}M_{\odot}$, as inferred from observations.…

Black hole thermodynamics suggests that the maximum entropy that can be contained in a region of space is proportional to the area enclosing it rather than its volume. I argue that this follows naturally from loop quantum gravity and a…