物理与社会
When a fraction of a population becomes immune to an infectious disease, the population-wide infection risk decreases nonlinearly due to collective protection, known as herd immunity. Some studies based on mean-field models suggest that…
Network reconstruction is important to the understanding and control of collective dynamics in complex systems. Most real networks exhibit sparsely connected properties, and the connection parameter is a signal (0 or 1). Well-known…
We study how the herd immunity threshold and the expected epidemic size depend on homophily with respect to vaccine adoption. We find that the presence of homophily considerably increases the critical vaccine coverage needed for herd…
Cooperation is fundamental to human societies. While several basic theoretical mechanisms underlying its evolution have been established, research addressing more realistic settings remains underdeveloped. Drawing on the hypothesis that…
This paper presents a substantial enhancement of the HELIOS (Hybrid Evaluation of Lifecycle and Impact of Outstanding Science) model, transforming it from a static assessment tool into a dynamic and predictive framework for technological…
At least 227~bomb threats against polling places and tabulation centers were received on the day of the 2024 US presidential election. Threats disrupted voting in the swing states of Georgia, Arizona, and Pennsylvania while law enforcement…
People's opinions on a wide range of topics often evolve over time through their interactions with others. Models of opinion dynamics primarily focus on one-dimensional opinions, which represent opinions on one topic. However, opinions on…
Social media platforms like YouTube and Twitter play a key role in disseminating both reliable and unreliable information about climate change. This study analyses the topology of interactions in Twitter and their relation to cross-platform…
In machine learning, graph embedding algorithms seek low-dimensional representations of the input network data, thereby allowing for downstream tasks on compressed encodings. Recently, within the framework of network renormalization,…
A bibliographic database containing studies on recurrence plots and related methods is analyzed from various perspectives. This allows a detailed view of the field's development, showcasing the continuous growth in the method's popularity,…
Outer space exploration is one of the most prominent domains of earth-space governance. In this context, multiple policy documents by the UN, NASA, or Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) pledge to protect extraterrestrial environments from…
Our analysis focuses on the stock cryptocurrency market, by studying a group of nineteen cryptocurrencies where their capitalisation is about 99% of the total market. Specifically, it is examined this group of cryptocurrencies for the…
For decades, urban development was studied on two-dimensional maps, largely ignoring the third dimension. However, building height is crucial because it dramatically potentiates the interior space of cities. Here, using a newly released…
Cycling competition is highly interesting since the team ranking is based on the best performance of some subset of team members. The paper develops new inequality indicators, a methodology to construct them, and numerical illustrations…
One examines and discusses proposals on whether riders could be replaced in a team during multi-stage races, and how much a team final time at the end of the race would change (be "adjusted") if only the riders having completed the race are…
At first glance, quantum mechanics and behavioural science seem worlds apart -- one rooted in equations and particles, the other in thoughts and choices. Yet, emerging research reveals a profound and unexpected bridge between them. This…
The transition to a climate-neutral energy system demands large-scale renewable generation expansion, which requires substantial amounts of bulk materials like steel, cement, and polymers. The production of these materials represents an…
We use simplicial complexes to model simple games as well as weighted voting games where certain coalitions are considered impossible. Topological characterizations of various ideas from simple games are provided, as are the expressions for…
From the perspective of human mobility, the COVID-19 pandemic constituted a natural experiment of enormous reach in space and time. Here, we analyse the inherent multiple scales of human mobility using Facebook Movement Maps collected…
The fractal dimension curves of urban form and growth fall into two categories: One can be described by common logistic function, and the other can be described with quadratic logistic function. The approach to estimating the parameter of…