物理与社会
Ranking is used in sport leagues to determine a champion and/or to decide on promotion/relegation of teams. Arguably, the best known ranking method relies on scores obtained by cumulating the points associated with the wins and the draws of…
Plastics are ubiquitous in modern society, but the linear model of produce, use, and dispose results in massive amounts of resource consumption and pollution. Landfill and incineration of plastic waste is endemic, with no consensus on a…
The notion of a core is generalized to multiway networks. To determine the multiway cores, we adapted already-known algorithms for determining the generalized cores in one-mode and two-mode networks. A new node property, node diversity has…
The percolation threshold is an important measure to determine the inherent rigidity of large networks. Predictors of the percolation threshold for large networks are computationally intense to run, hence it is a necessity to develop…
Economic transformation -- change in what an economy produces -- is foundational to development and rising standards of living. Our understanding of this process has been propelled recently by two branches of work in the field of economic…
The dissemination of information and the development of public opinion are essential elements of most social media platforms and are often described as distinct, man-made occurrences. However, what is often disregarded is the…
Ridesharing is recognized as one of the key pathways to sustainable urban mobility. With the emergence of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft, the ridesharing market has become increasingly fragmented in many…
Single contagion processes are known to display a continuous transition from an epidemic-free phase at low contagion rates to the epidemic state for rates above a critical threshold. This transition can become discontinuous when two simple…
To mitigate ATFM delay, different approaches have been proposed so far which can be categorized into strategic and tactical domains. The strategical techniques mainly concern airport slot allocation and for the tactical domain, the ATFM…
Disciplinary diversity is being recognized today as the key to establish a vibrant academic environment with bigger potential for breakthroughs in research and technology. However, the interaction of several factors including policies, and…
The emergence of congestion is a critical phenomenon in transport systems. Transport is organized along pathways abstracted by links, which connect different nodes as regions to form the network. The modeling of traffic has so far mainly…
Online social media foster the creation of active communities around shared narratives. Such communities may turn into incubators for conspiracy theories -- some spreading violent messages that could sharpen the debate and potentially harm…
This paper investigates the fairness of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying competition via Monte Carlo simulations. The qualifying probabilities are calculated for 102 nations, all teams except for African and European countries. A method…
Rumors have ignited revolutions, undermined the trust in political parties, or threatened the stability of human societies. Such destructive potential has been significantly enhanced by the development of on-line social networks. Several…
The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) distributes commercial revenue from its club competitions according to a complex mechanism. Coefficient-based amounts are paid such that the participating teams are ranked on the basis of…
Agent-based models of opinion dynamics allow one to examine the spread of opinions between entities and to study phenomena such as consensus, polarization, and fragmentation. By studying a model of opinion dynamics on a social network, one…
We propose a quantum expected value theory for decision-making under uncertainty. Quantum density operator as value operator is proposed to simulate people's subjective beliefs. Value operator guides people to choose corresponding actions…
The draw for the 2022 FIFA World Cup has been organised before the identity of three winners of the play-offs is revealed. Seeding has been based on the FIFA World Ranking released on 31 March 2022 but these three teams have been drawn from…
The adaptive voter model allows for studying the interplay between homophily, the tendency of like-minded individuals to attract each other, and social influence, the tendency for connected individuals to influence each other. However, it…
This paper studies a novel spatial auto-correlation model of voter uncertainty across districts. We use the Moran $I$ index to measure the auto-correlation of Shannon, relative Shannon, Tsallis and relative Tsallis entropies of regional…