物理与社会
Message passing, also known as belief propagation, is a versatile framework for analyzing models defined on graphs. Its most prototypical application is percolation; yet, the interpretation of the message passing formulation of percolation…
In emergency egress crowd behavior critically affects egress efficiency and public safety. By integrating psychological principles to Newtonian motion of crowd, a fluid-based equation is derived in this paper to explore how energy in…
Modern society relies on complex supply chains to sustain the flow of goods and services that are essential to daily life. While traditional supply chain theory assumes a clear, hierarchical flow from upstream suppliers to downstream…
The hierarchy and proximity are key dimensions of urban relational processes, but their interplay in shaping intercity interactions and the underlying structures of city systems remain unclear. We develop a novel geometric model of city…
I present a quantum-tunnelling oscillator model as a universal dynamical engine for two paradigmatic problems in quantum cognition theory -- optical illusion perception and group decision making -- where individuals are treated as…
There are relatively few comparative cross-European studies on segregation, and those that do exist often use a single measure of segregation at a single spatial scale. This paper investigates ethnic segregation in seven European capitals…
Traditional methods for assessing national peace levels typically rely on socio-economic indicators or conflict incidence, often overlooking the nuanced signals embedded in public discourse. This study presents a novel computational…
The family of Tibetan lunisolar calendars operates on a shared arithmetic axiom (67 lunar months = 65 solar months) that provides a rigid structure but causes observable seasonal drift. This study deconstructs the calendar through a…
Web archives preserve portions of the web, but quantifying their completeness remains challenging. Prior approaches have estimated the coverage of a crawl by either comparing the outcomes of multiple crawlers, or by comparing the results of…
The deployment of renewable energy technologies supposes the connection to the power grid of many new, distributed, and variable electricity production facilities. Among the investments deeply needed for a successful shift to clean energy,…
The numeral systems of Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, and Bengali are highly unusual in that unlike most numeral systems (e.g., those of English, Chinese, etc.), forms referring to 1--99 are highly non-transparent and cannot…
Power grids must modernize to meet climate goals while maintaining reliable and stable operating conditions. Yet progress is hindered by a limited understanding of the stochastic processes underlying grid frequency and phase-angle…
Restaurants, cafes, pubs, and takeaways are among the most visible markers of neighborhood change, yet whether their arrival is capitalised into nearby housing values remains empirically unsettled. We assemble a London-wide panel linking…
Public transit is a critical component of urban mobility and equity, yet mobility and air-quality linkages are rarely operationalized in reproducible smart-city analytics workflows. This study develops a transparent, multi-source monitoring…
The Outer Space Treaty (OST) was opened to signatures in 1967, and since then 117 countries, including China, the United States, Russia, have become part of it. Among other stipulations the treaty bans the placement of nuclear weapons in…
Retractions serve as an indicator of failures in research integrity, yet most analyses focus on absolute counts rather than risk per paper. We use one of the largest open bibliographic databases to develop incidence metrics normalized by…
The widespread use of digital devices has raised growing concerns about its impact on sustained attention at the population level. In this work, we propose a minimal dynamical framework to describe the collective evolution of attention…
Urban populations exhibit fractal organization and systematic scaling regularities, yet the scaling exponents reported across cities vary substantially, challenging existing theory. Using 100~m gridded population maps for 477 urban areas…
Can sustained open-ended technological progress preserve natural resources in a finite planet? We address this question on the basis of a stylized model with genuine open-ended technological innovation, where an innovation event corresponds…
To achieve net-zero emissions, cities must transition away from reliance on private vehicles. However, car-centric urban growth has transformed the automobile from a convenience tool into a necessity for accessing essential services,…