物理与社会
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations outlines 17 goals as global challenges for countries of the world to address in their development. However, the progress of countries towards these goals has been much slower…
We study exploration properties of a random walk on a network. For a fully connected network we find that the problem can be mapped to the well known coupon collector problem, thus allowing us to estimate form of $P(S,t)$: the distribution…
The process of creating goods and services, measured by their value, is considered a process of creating complexity. This allows us to consider the production system as an open thermodynamic system, and to develop a simple heuristic model…
Traditional macroeconomic growth models rely on general equilibrium and continuous, frictionless institutional transitions, failing to account for the catastrophic structural collapses observed in empirical economic history. We propose the…
Heterogeneity in individual characteristics and behaviour is a fundamental property of complex dynamical systems. While previous studies on evolutionary dynamics of strategies evolution in various systems have predominantly focused on the…
As language models are deployed as autonomous agents that negotiate, cooperate, and compete on behalf of human principals, their strategic dispositions acquire direct economic consequences. Here we show, across 51,906 game-theoretic trials…
Gravitational physics and astronomy have developed rapidly over the last decade, driven by new observations and theoretical breakthroughs. As new as the science and technology of this field are, its greatest asset may be the body of…
Addressing global challenges often involves stimulating the large-scale adoption of new products or behaviors. Research traditions that focus on individual decision making suggest that achieving this objective requires identifying the…
Higher-order interaction networks are typically modeled using hypergraphs or simplicial complexes, where interactions explicitly involve more than two nodes. Here we demonstrate that effective higher-order dynamical constraints emerge…
Energy systems optimisation models are a leading tool for informing decisions in the energy transition. However, these models often remain opaque, and results are frequently presented without a clear discussion of their epistemic…
Trajectories of units moving on networks are relevant for nonlinear dynamical systems as diverse as polymers, ocean drifters, and human mobility. Although RQA is a well-researched tool with applications in many areas, it has rarely been…
Firms' positions in innovation networks determine their access to external knowledge, yet how these positions shape technological search behavior and influence productivity remains underexplored. We propose that central network positions…
Understanding social polarization requires integrating insights from psychology, sociology, and complex systems science. Agent-based modeling provides a natural framework to combine perspectives from different fields and explore how…
Treatment of cancer involves heterogeneous, complex care pathways. The relationship between these longitudinal trajectories, baseline mental health, and prognostic outcomes remains poorly understood. We introduce an interpretable…
This study provides a foundational theoretical investigation into the mathematical existence and asymptotic properties of Ulanowicz's structural resilience. While ecological evidence suggests that sustainable systems gravitate toward an…
The environmental impact of electricity consumption is commonly assessed through its carbon footprint (CF), while water-related impacts are often overlooked despite the strong interdependence between energy and water systems. This is…
The classical friendship paradox asserts that, on average, an individual's neighbors have a higher degree than the individual. This statement concerns network-level means and does not describe how often a typical node is locally dominated…
The friendship paradox -- the observation that, on average, one's friends have more friends than oneself -- admits two common formulations depending on whether averaging is performed over edges or over nodes. These two definitions, the…
Background: The Rorschach inkblots are ambiguous stimuli developed to evoke subjective interpretations in humans, while modern artificial intelligence (AI) models are trained to recognize well established patterns and classes. The…
Do projects learn across space and time? The Olympics, among the largest publicly funded programmes in the world, offer a unique empirical setting. Theoretically, the Games seem ideal for generating "positive learning curves," driving down…