物理与社会
While numerous indices of inter-coder reliability exist, Krippendorff's {\alpha} and Cohen's \{kappa} have long dominated in communication studies and other fields, respectively. The near consensus, however, may be near the end. Recent…
Poverty map inference has become a critical focus of research, utilizing both traditional and modern techniques, ranging from regression models to convolutional neural networks applied to tabular data, satellite imagery, and networks. While…
Professional sports enhance interaction among athletes through training groups, sponsored events and competitions. Among these, the Olympic Games represent the largest competition with a global impact, providing the participants with a…
Transition pathways for Europe to achieve carbon neutrality emphasize the need for a massive deployment of solar and wind energy. Global cost optimization would lead to installing most of the renewable capacity in a few resource-rich…
Existing studies have revealed a paradoxical phenomenon in public goods games, wherein destructive agents, harming both cooperators and defectors, can unexpectedly bolster cooperation. Building upon this intriguing premise, our paper…
COVID-19 had a strong and disruptive impact on our society, and yet further analyses on most relevant factors explaining the spread of the pandemic are needed. Interdisciplinary studies linking epidemiological, mobility, environmental, and…
In this doctoral thesis, we investigate the complex interplay between temporal dynamics associated with aging and memory and their effects on social and economic systems. To do so, we combine theoretical modeling, to explore the aging…
This document reviews international cooperation of the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR). It shows that of the original 11 founding members of the JINR, only one -- Mongolia -- is still fully active within the organization. Out of…
Recent studies of human migration have focused on modern issues of international economics, politics, urbanization, or commuting. Here we make use of very large anonymized genealogies which offer quantitative metrics and models before…
We examine the speed of different boarding methods in a proposed Flying Wing aircraft design with four aisles using an agent-based model. We study the effect of various passenger movement variables on the boarding process. We evaluate the…
Phase transitions are fundamental features of statistical physics. While the well-studied continuous phase transitions are known to be controlled by external \textit{macroscopic} changes in the order parameter, the origin of abrupt…
A good deal of science and technology concepts and methods rely on comparing and relating entities in quantitative terms. Among the several possible approaches, similarity indices allow some interesting features, especially the ability to…
Herbs and spices each contain about 3000 phytochemicals on average and there is much traditional knowledge on their health benefits. However, there is a lack of systematic study to understand the relationship among herbs and spices, their…
Quantum computing is an emerging technology whose positive and negative impacts on society are not yet fully known. As government, individuals, institutions, and corporations fund and develop this technology, they must ensure that they…
The number of deaths from car accidents and from the unlawful use of guns can be described by logistic growth curves. The annual rates of both have traced completed logistic trajectories following which they have been self-regulated for…
Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a significant advancement in automotive technology, utilizing electricity as a power source instead of traditional fossil fuels, while incorporating sophisticated navigation and autopilot systems. These…
Obtaining accurate forecasts for the evolution of epidemic outbreaks from deterministic compartmental models represents a major theoretical challenge. Recently, it has been shown that these models typically exhibit trajectories' degeneracy,…
In this paper, we provide theoretical and empirical estimates for the likelihood of a negative participation paradox under instant runoff voting in three-candidate elections. We determine the probability of the paradox and related…
We investigate how information-spreading mechanisms affect opinion dynamics and vice-versa via an agent-based simulation on adaptive social networks. First, we characterize the impact of reposting on user behavior with limited memory, a…
The growing interest in models of opinion dynamics, particularly those that distinguish between private beliefs and publicly expressed opinions, spans several academic disciplines, from the social sciences to the hard sciences. They have…