大气与海洋物理

Artificial Intelligence (AI) weather models are improving rapidly, and their forecasts are already competitive with long-established traditional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). To build confidence in this new methodology, it is critical…

Side-scan sonar (SSS) images are susceptible to motion-induced geometric distortion, which degrades their reliability for seabed interpretation and downstream tasks. Existing correction methods either exploit image-domain consistency…

Much of the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) emitted to space is best described as random variability, or the ``Earth's Infrared Background''. A rigorous characterization of this background provides an objective null hypothesis and enables…

Quantifying and reducing uncertainty in Earth system model parameterizations is essential to improving their reliability in decision-making. Forward uncertainty propagation is used to derive parameter sensitivity but requires physically…

This study aims to develop and improve machine learning-based post-processing models for precipitation, temperature, and wind speed predictions using the Mesoscale Model (MSM) dataset provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) for 18…

Advances in deep learning methods for weather forecasting are creating opportunities to computationally explore the potential for steering or control of extreme weather trajectories for societal risk reduction. We present initial…

Machine learning emulators have shown extraordinary skill in forecasting atmospheric states, and their application to global ocean dynamics offers similar promise. Here, we adapt the GraphCast architecture into a dedicated ocean-only…

Physics-based atmosphere-land models with prescribed sea surface temperature have notable successes but also biases in their ability to represent atmospheric variability compared to observations. Recently, AI emulators and hybrid models…

Recent advances in numerical simulation methods based on physical models and their combination with machine learning have improved the accuracy of weather forecasts. However, the accuracy decreases in complex terrains such as mountainous…

International commerce has long been seen as a key way to keep the global food system stable, allowing agricultural surpluses in some areas to compensate for shortages in others. This strategy has led to the rise of highly specialised…

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), Earth's "Third Pole", profoundly shapes the Asian monsoon and regional climate and exerts far-reaching influence on the global climate system. Yet its role in organizing planetary-scale climate…

Rapid progress in the field of machine-learning for weather prediction has led to the emergence of algorithms whose forecasting skill can exceed that of traditional physically based models. This development represents an opportunity to…

The response of the climate system to increased greenhouse gases and other radiative perturbations is governed by a combination of fast and slow feedbacks. Slow feedbacks are typically activated in response to changes in ocean temperatures…

Tropical cyclone activity was intermittent during the 2025 Atlantic season, with extended quiet periods. Cumulative activity was near-average relative to 1991-present, despite warm sea-surface temperatures and La Nina conditions. We compare…

Present forecasting efforts rely on assimilation techniques that adjust the model basic state, meaning that profiles of temperature and salinity are used as measured or converted to temperature and salinity through statistical…

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most devastating natural hazards, yet their intensity remains notoriously difficult to predict. NWP models are constrained by both computational demands and intrinsic predictability, while…

Classical field forecast evaluation relies mainly on local scores such as RMSE or MAE. These metrics severely over-penalize small spatial or temporal displacements of coherent structures, a limitation known as the double-penalty issue and…

Tropical cyclone-induced coastal hazards can significantly damage coastal infrastructure, and these risks may intensify under future climate change. As a result, there is increasing interest in conducting comprehensive assessments of…

Ocean wind waves are a fundamental manifestation of complex dynamics in geophysical fluid systems, characterized by a rich interplay between dispersion and nonlinearity. While linear wave theory provides a first-order description of wave…

Clouds are important features of the atmosphere, determining the energy budget by interacting with incoming solar radiation and outgoing thermal radiation, respectively. For pure ice clouds, the net effect of radiative effect is still…