大气与海洋物理
Precipitation generates small-scale turbulent air flows the energy of which ultimately dissipates to heat. The power of this process has previously been estimated to be around 2-4 W m-2 in the tropics: a value comparable in magnitude to the…
Due to swish and thump amplitude modulation, the noise of wind turbines cause more annoyance than other environmental noise of the same average level. The wind shear accounts for the thump modulation (van den Berg effect). Making use of the…
Aerosol optical characteristics AOD and \AA ngstr\"om exponent is often used to asses environmental aerosol loading. AOD or Aerosol Optical Depth is an indirect measure of atmospheric aerosol loading by means of total extinction of incoming…
The local available-enthalpy cycle proposed in Part I of this paper is applied to document energetics of three numerical simulations, representing life cycles of idealized baroclinic waves. An improved temporal numerical scheme defined in…
A diagnostic package is derived from the concept of specific available enthalpy, leading to the definition of a local and complete energy cycle. It is useful to understand the transformations of energy occurring at any particular pressure…
Simultaneous ensemble mean equations (LEMEs) for the Lorenz model are obtained, enabling us to analyze the properties of the ensemble mean from a dynamical point of view. The qualitative analysis for the two-sample and n-sample LEMEs show…
A long-term decrease in downward surface solar radiation from the 1950s to the 1980s ("global dimming") followed by a multi-decadal increase up to the present ("brightening") have been detected in many regions worldwide. In addition, some…
Results from a new series of experiments on barotropic and baroclinic turbulent flows generated in a rotating tank with topographic beta-effect are presented. The velocity fields are measured by the Altimetric Imaging Velocimetry. The…
Cenozoic temperature, sea level and CO2 co-variations provide insights into climate sensitivity to external forcings and sea level sensitivity to climate change. Climate sensitivity depends on the initial climate state, but potentially can…
The present article is a study of the applicability of different sources of meteorological forcing for the coastal wave and storm surge models, which provide the operational marine forecasts for the coastal early warning systems (EWS) and…
Understanding current global climate requires an understanding of trends both in Earth's atmospheric temperature and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a characteristic large-scale distribution of warm water in the tropical Pacific…
A moist entropy potential temperature -- denoted by ${\theta}_{s}$ -- is defined analytically in terms of the specific entropy for moist air. The expression for ${\theta}_{s}$ is valid for a general mixing of dry air, water vapour and…
Shepherd (1993) derived a general expression for the available potential energy for compressible, hydrostatic flow, where the sum of this available energy and the kinetic energy is called pseudo-energy. He demonstrated that for a special…
The attenuation coefficient of 532 nm light in water under different atmospheric conditions was investigated. Measurements were made over a two-year period at the same location and show that the attenuation coefficient is significantly…
The available enthalpy is an early form of the modern thermodynamic concept of exergy, which is the generic name for the amount of work obtainable when some matter is brought to a state of equilibrium with its surroundings by means of…
In this theoretical study, modulation techniques are developed to support the Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) mission. A CW lidar system using sine waves modulated by ML pseudo random noise codes is…
Planetary turbulent flows are observed to self-organize into large scale structures such as zonal jets and coherent vortices. One of the simplest models of planetary turbulence is obtained by considering a barotropic flow on a beta-plane…
Planetary and magnetohydrodynamic drift-wave turbulence is observed to self-organize into large scale structures such as zonal jets and coherent vortices. In this Letter we present a non-equilibrium statistical theory, the Stochastic…
From the first implementation in its purely hydrodynamic configuration, to the last configuration under the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) system, several specific modelling applications of the Regional Ocean…
In the present study we evaluate the approaches to estimate the wave energy potential of the western Black Sea shelf with numerical models. For the purpose of our evaluation and due to the lack of long time series of measurements in the…