大气与海洋物理

This paper presents a physically-informed fuzzy clustering of vertical sounding ionograms for automatically separating the ionogram into tracks suitable for further interpretation and determining their optimal number. The model is designed…

The Amazon rainforest is considered one of the core tipping elements in the climate system with a potential tipping point from rainforest to savannah between 2 and 6 {\deg}C of global warming. However, ongoing deforestation constitutes an…

Accurate prediction of extreme weather events remains a major challenge for artificial intelligence-based weather prediction systems. While deterministic models such as FuXi, GraphCast, and SFNO have achieved competitive forecast skill…

Arctic sea-ice loss is a defining feature of climate change and offers insight into its impact on mid-latitude air quality. Here, we investigate how variability in Arctic sea-ice extent (ASI) affects ground-level ozone ($O_3$) across…

Africa is the primary source of cyclonic vortices over the tropical Atlantic. Over both land and sea, these vortices are entwined with deep convective activity, with the majority being African Easterly Wave troughs. Their convective…

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a tipping element of the climate system. The current estimate of the global warming threshold for the onset of an AMOC collapse is +4.0C (uncertainty range 1.4-8C). However, such a…

We present an observation-guided neural surrogate-learning framework for scientific simulation emulation, demonstrated on urban flood-inundation mapping. The framework combines LISFLOOD-FP hydrodynamic simulations with a real Gauge L stage…

Machine-learning (ML) models, such as the AIFS at the ECMWF, have revolutionised weather forecasting in recent years. We present an extension of the AIFS that jointly models the atmosphere and surface ocean, including ocean waves and sea…

Global storm-resolving models aspire to become digital twins of the Earth, delivering information at the local scale at which humans experience climate. We evaluated how well two such models, ICON and IFS-FESOM, reproduce the climate as…

(Abridge) On 13 September 2025 around 22 UTC, a localized tornado outbreak affected eastern Philippines, causing significant damage in Camarines Norte. The event developed within an atypical easterly severe weather regime characterized by…

Pyro-cumulonimbus convection associated with extreme wildfires can generate long-lived vortical structures in the stratosphere. These structures have been described as coherent, yet a rigorous material characterization has remained lacking.…

This paper presents a method for computing local mean, variance, standard deviation, and effective sample count on incomplete gridded data using boundary-aware spectral operators. The framework combines normalized convolution with explicit…

Precipitation trends can arise from both dynamic factors (changes in atmospheric circulation) and thermodynamic factors (changes in atmospheric moisture content). Disentangling these contributions can aid in understanding regional climate…

A hybrid approach to numerical weather prediction is investigated, in which the unperturbed physics-based ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) is spectrally nudged toward forecasts from a machine-learned weather forecast model, trained…

Accurately reconstructing and forecasting ocean fields from sparse observations is critical for both operational and scientific purposes. Optimizing sensor placement to maximize reconstruction skill remains challenging due to evolving ocean…

Soil moisture is a key ingredient of humid heat through supplying moisture and modifying boundary layer properties. Soil moisture heterogeneity due to e.g., antecedent rainfall, can strongly influence weather patterns; yet, its effect on…

Condensation trails (contrails) are increasingly recognized as a major contributor to aviation-induced atmospheric warming, rivaling the impact of carbon dioxide. Mitigating their climate effects requires accurate and computationally…

Toward the goal of using Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) emulators to improve the numerical representation of aerosol processes in global atmospheric models, we explore the emulation of aerosol microphysics processes under cloud-free…

Accurate representation of moist convective sub-grid-scale processes remains a major challenge in global climate models, as traditional parameterization schemes are both computationally expensive and difficult to scale. Neural network (NN)…

We present an update to the Hadley Centre Sea-Surface Temperature dataset (HadSST.4.2.0.0) that addresses residual warm bias during the Second World War (WW2). Using an existing quantitative definition of the WW2 warm anomaly we identify…